The Business Continuity Plan For A Dummy Variable

The Business Continuity Plan mediating variable represents the existence or non-existence of an established Disaster Recovery or Business Continuity Plan from Mergent Online (2016). The Business Continuity Plan is operationalized by a dummy variable. The MNEs used in the Business Continuity Plan mediating variable are same MNEs identified for the Terrorism Exposure and Breadth of Experience in High-Risk Countries independent variables. The Erosion variable operationalizes the negative moderating effect from deterioration or wearing away of performance resilience over time. In other words, the Erosion variable is indicating the recency of the terrorism incident. The Erosion moderating variable is measured as the number of days since the last terrorist incident using the difference of the Event Identification Number from Table 3 of the GTD (2015). The Severity moderating variable is measured using two different types of terrorism metrics from Table 2: 1) Economic or market based metric and; 2) Traditional terrorism metric. First, the economic value of the direct property damage, adjusted for time value of money, from terrorist attacks on the firm is cumulated using the Casualties and Consequences property damage data in Table 3 from the GTD (2015). Second the cumulative number of confirmed deaths from terrorist attacks on the firm is cumulated using the Casualties and Consequences fatality data in Table 3 from the GTD (2015). Finally, Company Size, Industry, CompanyShow MoreRelatedStudy Of The Airline Industry Resilience And The Terrorist Attacks Of 9 / 111219 Words   |  5 Pagesdependent variable of performance resilience. Data Analysis The research method relies upon the general methodological framework used by Gittell et al. (2006) in the study of the airlines industry resilience to the terrorist attacks of 9/11. This exploratory archival data analysis employs quantitative statistical techniques from the terrorism and international business literature stream. Initially, correlation analysis between the operationalized independent variables, moderating variables, controlRead MoreAttack Incidents On A Firm1831 Words   |  8 PagesTerrorism Experience is an independent variable representing the depth of proficiency, knowledge, best practices and insights that corporations, who were directly impacted by a specific terrorist incident, acquire from coping with the effects of terrorism. The Terrorism Experience is measured in terms of the cumulative number of terrorism incidents that directly affected the firm. The number of attack incidents on a firm is a Traditional type of terrorism measurement as categorized by Fre y et alRead MoreNetwork Penetration Testing2192 Words   |  9 PagesSoft  Copy Information b.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Obtain Top Managerial Personal Information, (Addresses etc) c. 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This text, Marketing research and information systems, reviews the role of marketing research and the techniques used to undertake market research, including questionnaire design and sampling and writing of a research report. The principalRead MoreProblems on Cost Accounting70221 Words   |  281 Pagesconfident that the provision of such education literature shall enable our potential chartered accountants to compete with the best in the world. 30th January, 2010 Mumbai CA. Uttam Prakash Agarwal President PREFACE With the fast changing business dynamics, fierce competition, globalization, complicated laws and transactions, there is tremendous pressure on the Chartered Accountancy students to acquire knowledge not only to clear examinations but also to build strong foundation for futureRead MoreOperational Management36687 Words   |  147 Pagestake a look at the diverse ways a student can prepare for careers in operations management. WHY STUDY OM? We study OM for four reasons: 1. OM is one of the three major functions of any organization, and it is integrally related to all the other business functions. All organizations market (sell), finance (account), and produce (operate), and it is important to know how the OM segment functions. Therefore, we study how people organize themselves for productive enterprise. 2. We study OM becauseRead MoreA Study on Customer Preference in Retail Store- Adani Store28361 Words   |  114 PagesGandhinagar have completed their grand project titled as â€Å"A STUDY OF CONSUMER PFERENCE IN GARMENT IN ADANI HYPERMARKET AT AHEMDABAD† in the year 2005-2006 in partial fulfillment of Gujarat University requirement for the award of degree of Master of business administration. Prof. S. Chinnam Reddy Prof. Siddarth Das Prof. Rajeshwari Jain Director Coordinator Grand Project Guide Date: __/__/2006 DECLARATION We hereby, declare

History of the Caribbean Essay - 1959 Words

Vacation has always been a way for people to escape the humdrum activities of everyday life. It is a way to escape from the real world and have a few days with nothing to worry about other than what to do. For some people, the idea of vacation is going somewhere warm and intriguing, a place that could keep a person entertained and captivated for days. For a lot of people, this place could be the islands of the Caribbean. The Caribbean is a place of wonder and draws thousands of people to it every year because of its diverse history and culture. The Caribbean islands are a chain of over 7,000 islands found in the Caribbean Sea, located directly south of Florida and east of Mexico. A majority of the islands found in the Caribbean are†¦show more content†¦It would then make sense that the Lesser Antilles would be the smaller islands of the Caribbean, which are typically the islands on the east end of the Caribbean Sea. These islands are not only vastly different, but the islan ds also have historical significance, beginning with Christopher Columbus. When Christopher Columbus and his crew sailed across the Atlantic Ocean they stumbled onto land that no one had any knowledge of in Europe. This new land quickly became known as the New World. This New World seemed to hold endless supplies of valuable materials that could greatly benefit the country of Spain. There was gold and all kinds of valuable minerals found in the land. The land was also full of fertile soil that would be perfect for farming and raising animals. The more of the land that was explored and discovered the more valuable it became. This new knowledge was sent back to Spain which then marked the beginning of colonialism. After Spain began claiming parts of this new land, other European countries began wanting land. These countries wanted a piece of this new, rich land that Columbus had discovered. The land provided endless possibilities and none of these countries wanted to miss out on it. E uropean countries began to colonize the islands, funding their colonies with the European Trading Company. Through the European Trading Company, the countries were able to obtain the value out of the land’s crops, furs, andShow MoreRelatedThe Caribbean History1095 Words   |  4 Pages Derek Walcott and Jean Rhys both have texts that use the fragments of the Caribbean history to create their texts. Walcott has mentioned in many essays and interviews how important it is for the artist to not become disillusioned and bitter about history. Rather, artists should make use of these fragments of European, African, and native Arawak/Amerindian, to reinvent and create a voice that entails all of those influences. 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SWOT Analysis of Next plc Free Essays

Abstract This report will analyse the corporate activities and position of Next plc, focusing on clothing, which is the company’s main product area. The report firstly provides an overview of the history and background of the company as well as mentioned the state of the clothing retail market. Following the introduction the report then goes into deep analysis of Next, beginning with identifying the company’s key strengths and opportunities for future success, before going on to explore certain dangers with the corporate decisions and its market structure. We will write a custom essay sample on SWOT Analysis of Next plc or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1. Introduction Founded by Joseph Hepworth in 1864 as a tailoring business, and still holds clothing retail at the core of its products. For this reason this report will focus on Next’s clothing products as they are the company’s main product lines. Next Has grown from a small tailor to now being a constituent of the FTSE 100 index and bringing in ?550 million profit in 2011 alone (Next Corporate 2011.) To accomplish this outstanding feat the company has a unique set of attributes that contribute to its success, which show both a strong current market position as well as an optimistic future. However, the industry Next operates in is fraught with uncertainty, as Key note publications (2000) saw that many clothing retailers have had to rethink their strategy, due to the â€Å"declining real prices and soft demand patterns.† Therefore Next also faces certain threats to the company’s future success. 2. Analysis of Next plc 2.1. Strengths and Opportunities A key strength held by Next is the company’s adaptability, which is crucial in the ever evolving retail market according to Morganosky (1997.) Examples of this can be seen by the company’s steps in next day delivery services and home shopping networks (Next Corporate 2011.) Next has identified the growing demand for online purchasing (More than ?50 billion is expected to change hands online according to Tong (2010.)) Next has also ensured that the new business initiatives centre around key themes such as quality customer service, for instance there is a standard next day deliver for orders placed before 9:00 p.m (Next Corporate 2011.) Actions such as this have helped the company create a trusting atmosphere with their online service, which is seen byMiyazaki and Fernandez (2001) as one of the biggest difficulties in online retailing. Harris and Goode (2004) found that establishing an atmosphere of trust will help ensure further customer loyalty and sales. Next’s creative and responsive approach to retailing envisions an ambitious future, as the company’s financial statements show increased turnover from eight out of the last nine years (Next Corporate 2011.) As economic performance is a significant factor for clothing retailers (Investopedia, Date unknown) Next’s success implies a bright future. Asides from its practical approach to purchasing in stores and via online methods, Next’s stance on corporate responsibility also deserves some of the credit for this future, as the company produces annual corporate responsibility reports outlining its â€Å"social, environmental and ethical performance† as well as setting clear priority areas such as a 4% energy reduction in the 2011 report. (Next Corporate 2011.) Whilst Verschoor (2009) found that 22% of employees said the recession has negatively impacted the ethical culture within their company, Next keeps its actions in line with Toor and Ofori’s (2009) belief that ethical management will mediate corporate culture, increasing the company’s reputation for the general public and for the company employees. The company’s attitude towards providing an environment where â€Å"employees are supported and respected† is believed to help motivate the workforce to better results (Wolinski and Coates 2005.) 2.2. Weaknesses and Threats Whilst Next plc has been largely successful in the retail business the biggest threat to the company is its highly competitive market. Key Note publications (2000) cites that the discount clothing brands in particular â€Å"still has considerable opportunities to take sales away from the standard clothing market.† As people still feel the country is in a recession, many will be more selective with how they spend their disposable income, for instance Gold (2011) mentioned that 70% of people have had either a pay cut or pay freeze. Certainly luxury products like the clothes Next offers are still in danger of substitute products, as seen by Porter (1985) as one of the five key threats to a company’s competitive advantage. This threat is more so in the case of Next as the products they produce are fairly standardised and so are replicated by competitors such as Topman and River Island. Porter (2008) cited how strategy â€Å"rests in unique activities† and so the issu e the company faces is that with low priced clothing manufacturing available globally, how can it make its products unique to ensure future sales. As the clothing retail market is based primarily on price competition, any aspect of customer loyalty to a store or brand is severely diminished. Next’s reliance on its competitor’s prices showcases a kinked demand curve scenario, which was identified by Maskin et al (1988) as problematic for companies as their power over their own profit margins is reduced. It could be argued therefore that Next has little power to change its own profits as the company cannot control either the price or demand for their products. In addition, Padmanabhan (1997) acknowledged that retail clothing is a particularly uncertain market, due to the disposable income people spend on such products and the seasonal cyclical implications (for instance breaking news (2011) found that the snowy winter of 2010/11 significantly affected Next’s high street sales as people were not venturing out to buy clothes.) 3. Conclusion To conclude, Next plc is currently a tremendously successful organization, as shown by both its financial successes and its innovative stance on new aspects of clothing retail, such as online shopping. Next’s biggest strength is clearly in the company adaptability, which is crucial in the ever changing clothing retail market. In regards to the company’s future successes, Next has appeared to succeed in increasing its sales despite the recent economic recession. The company’s adaptive approach in addition to its strict stance on corporate responsibility puts future sales growth as a strong possibility. However it is also clear that Next operates in a very turbulent market. Certain academics point towards a shrinking demand for luxury products due to economic circumstances. This threat is intensified by the company’s lack of a unique selling point in its products and an unconsolidated market power, which indicates that the company’s future successes e ven if significant are out of its own control. Therefore the ideal recommendation implied is for Next plc to create a more unique appeal for its clothing lines to ensure its future successes. Also, review FREE Dissertation Topics right here 4. References Author unknown (2011) UK retail sales figures to reveal impact of snow. Breaking News, available from http://www.breakingnews.ie/business/uk-retail-sales-figures-to-reveal-impact-of-snow-490182.html. Accessed on 04/02/2012. Gold, T. (2011) Beside the horror of recession, something gaudy is stirring †¦ The Guardian online, available from http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2011/oct/07/ftse-luxury-goods-sales-soar. Accessed on 04/02/2012. Harris, L.C. and Goode, M.M.H. (2004) The four levels of loyalty and the pivotal role of trust: a study of online service dynamics. Journal of retailing, Vol 80, Issue 2, pp. 139-158. Investopedia (Date Unknown) The industry handbook: The retail industry. Available from http://www.investopedia.com/features/industryhandbook/retail.asp#axzz1l3ZtOgbw. Accessed on 01/02/2012. Key note publications Ltd (2000) Clothing retailers market assessment. Available from http://www.researchandmarkets.com/reports/3557/clothing_retailers_market_assessment. Accessed on 04/02/2012. Michelle A. Morganosky, (1997) Retail market structure change: implications for retailers and consumers. International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, Vol 25, Issue 8, pp. 269- 274. Miyazaki, A.D. and Fernandez, A. (2001) Customer perceptions of privacy and security risks for online shopping. The journal of consumer affairs, Vol 35, Issue 1, pp. 27-44. Padmanabhan, V. (1997) Manufacturers return policies and retail competition. Marketing science. Vol 16, Issue 1, pp. 81-94. Porter, M.E. (1985) Competitive strategy. Free Press,New York, 1985. Porter, M.E. (2008) What is strategyHarvard business review (November – December 1996: 61–78.) Next Corporate (2011) Business overview. Available from http://www.nextplc.co.uk/about-next/business-overview.aspx. Accessed on 01/02/2012. Next Corporate (2011) Corporate responsibility reports. Available from http://www.nextplc.co.uk/corporate-responsiblity/corporate-reports.aspx. Accessed on 01/02/2012. Next Corporate (2011) Financial summary. Available from http://www.nextplc.co.uk/financial-information/financial-summary.aspx. Accessed on 01/02/2012. Next Corporate (2011)Our History. Available from http://www.nextplc.co.uk/about-next/our-history.aspx. Accessed on 01/02/2012 Tong, L. (2010) Online shopping statistics: July 2010. Availabble from http://www.brightlemon.com/blog/online-shopping-statistics-july-2010. Accessed on 01/02/2012. Toor, S.R. Ofori, G. (2009, Online; Business Source Premier) Ethical Leadership: Examining the Relationships with Full Range Leadership Model, Employee Outcomes, and Organizational Culture. Journal of Business Ethics, Dec2009, Vol. 90 Issue 4, p533-547, 15p, 5 charts. Accessed on 21st Feb 2010. Verschoor, C. (2009) Are We Experiencing an Ethics BubbleStrategic Finance, Vol 91, Issue 7, pp. 10-13. Wolinski, J. Coates, G. (2005) A2 Business Studies. Phillip Allen Updates. How to cite SWOT Analysis of Next plc, Essay examples

Stakeholder And Issues Management Approach â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: Why There Is A Requirement For The Work Ethics In An Individual? As Per Me What Can Be Considered The Most Crucial Workplace Ethic? What Could The Important Workplace Ethics In Ones Organization? What Could Be The Possible Two Workplace Ethics That Needs To Be Possessed? Does The Ethics In The Workplace Ultimately Helps In Improving The Level Of The Performance In An Employee? Answers: Introduction The workplace behavior and ethics is regarded as a crucial part for the employment that has aspects that can assist ones efforts to be profitable. These two important aspects are based on the performance that has high morale and teamwork for its success. The key component of any workplace is the behavior and the ethics of an individual. The ethical behavior tends to be good for the business that involves demonstrating the key moral principles that includes dignity, equality, diversity, honesty, fairness and the individual rights. Integrity plays an important aspect in the workplace that means for instance the employee of any organization who would like to register cash is expected to balance the deposit and the drawer of the correct amount. In this report, Significance of the work place ethics In this section, the conditions of the business have to be on a quick pace and be profoundly aggressive. In order to maintain that pace and be ahead there is a need for the organizations to assure that the workplace ethics is maintained in a proper way (Lowery, Duesing and Beadles 2014, p.408). The key characteristics for an example is the co operation, appearances, participation and the mentality that will help in increasing the value of oneself as well as that of the organization. A strong ethical culture in any business organization will help in safeguarding ones assets, which is really an important thing (Mukherjee, Bhattacharjee and Singha 2016). The employees need to abide by the workplace ethics so that the company may also invest in the employees in respecting and protecting their assets. The company needs to specify what the acceptable behavior is and what is not in the organization, when they are hiring the employees. There is a need to summarize the expected conducts that is required in the description of the job or during the process of the interview. (Verschoor 2013, pp. 11-14) The guidelines that need to be typically addressed on the topics like the work culture, language and the harassments. There is a need to follow the codes of conduct that may receive verbal and written warnings and may be ultimately fired. The key component of the workplace behavior and ethics is to maintain integrity, be honest, or always do the right things (Taylor and Pattie 2014, pp.595-616). For an instance an employee of a health care needs to work on ones psychically or mentally challenged patients that must possess an integrity of high degree that needs to be managed and worked primarily with money. There is a need for integrity amongst the workers that will avoid sneaking and gossiping in the workplace. Accountability is like taking actions for ones responsibility that is another major factor. This means that arriving on time or showing up on the scheduled workdays is like putting an honest effort in the job. The workers need to exhibit the accountability so that it remains honest even when the things go wrong and then work towards the resolution that needs to be professional all the time (Mitonga-Monga, Flotman and Cilliers 2016, pp. 326-333) There is a need for teamwork in any workplace and this co ordination of the work with one another will help one to improve ones skill as well as ones productivity (Holmquist 2013, pp. 2221-2236). There is a need to include everyone in it from the peers to the supervisors and the customers even. Not all the employees will be found to like each other but they need to set aside their personal grievances during the office time. When these issues will be resolved, the organization will start to prosper and their growth can be seen. In some of the instances, the people who are not considered as the team players might often face demotion or termination. Whereas on the other hand it can be said that those who can easily work well with others can easily work alone (Michaelson et al. 2015, pp. 77-90). Even when the teamwork has an outweighing level of the performance, the organization might face a problem. In case of the commitment, there is a need for a proper guideline that will help the people in the workplace to make a comparatively high level of importance in the level of the dedication. There is a need to possess the necessary skill that is quite essential and has a strong work ethic along with a positive attitude towards carrying the job in a long way (Hartman, DesJardins and MacDonald 2014). There is a need for dedication that has been viewed in the world of business that is contagious and it means that the employees are strong enough to control the efforts and inspire them as well to their co workers. The work place ethics is regarded as an integral part that helps in fostering an increased amount in the productivity level and in the teamwork amongst our employees. This will help in aligning with the various values in the business of the organization. hence by achieving this it helps in the integrity, community and the open mindedness of the employees. The ethics will enable one worker to feel a strong bond in the alignment between their values and those in the business(Chiang and Tseng 2016, p.46). They often show such strange feelings that has been increased through the motivation and productivity. The public image will help one to earn a lot of respect and there is an immense need to cultivate it through a strong image when making choices in the ethical issues. For example, there is a need to fulfill the corporate social responsibility by minimizing the waste discharges from the business. The publics need to consider the business by operating it through an integral and honor way while valuing the people over the profits (Ewest 2015, p.12). There is a need to build strong image through the various ethical conducts that needs to be earned by the clients. The customers need to develop the trust and also to build the business in a strong way in the organization (SHENOY 2016). There is a requirement for the proper attendance amongst the employees that is a compulsory thing in making it build a guaranteed achievement in the maintenance and the objectives of the workplace ethics (Adeyeye et al. 2015). This learning opens up an entryway that presents an open door for the career orientation of the individuals. As one enters the working environment, there is a requirement for the ethical code of conduct that is much important in order to meet the convenient commitments so that it becomes a quick paced condition. An individual must possess a workplace ethics and that will eventually help the organization. One must possess the ethics that includes honesty, corporate standards and several other morals that is important. In order to sustain the organization just like the organization needs to provide and help various facility to the employees and the later should assure of providing and helping the organization by enhancing its own self. None can survive without the help of the organizational workplace ethics. As per the Kolbs learning theory, there is a requirement for the introduction of new ideas that is primarily based on the various inconsistencies that is found in the understanding and the experiences of the ethics. Morality and behaviour can be considered the two most crucial workplace ethics. A strong ethical culture in an organizational business helps in safeguarding ones assets. The employees who abide by the ethics of the workplace would be able to respect and protect the assets of the business. The environment should have an integrity and strong ethics ins ensuring the performance of the work culture. From the reflective observation of the Kolbs learning theory, thee workplace ethics that are most important can easily be identified. Cooperating with one another and maintaining a healthy workplace environment is something that is quite essential as a workplace ethics in any organization if seen from my point of view. The essential ethics in the workplace includes the corporate standards, morals, principles of direct, code of training or organization theory with respect to the duty to workers, investors, shoppers, the earth or whatever other parts of society outside to the organization. There is a need to build good relationships and healthy work culture by maintaining the work environment. The active experimentation that one has been influenced from in the Kolbs cycle is primarily based on those that can be applied from around the world when it comes to the results. Maintaining the team work and an integrity can be considered as the two possible workplace ethics. Team work is required in every organization that will eventually help the organization in many beneficial programs in their long run. Integrity must be possessed by an employee that includes being honest and holding strong moral principles. Possessing these qualities will help one to improve and cultivate their own self in a better way in the workplace. From the Kolb s learning cycle it is quite evident that these integrated processes has helped in understanding the two most essential workplace ethics. Yes, certainly I do believe that work place ethics will help one in improving the level of their performance. This will ultimately help one in various stages of life even if they are not working in that same organisation. The workplace does vary from place to place to some extent, but the basic few remains the same. From the Kolbs learning cycle, it is quite evident that the reflection on the observation in the experience can be viewed on the basis of the particular importance that is based on the various inconsistencies that is primarily based on the understanding and the experience. Conclusion The workplace ethics is almost a standout that is considered the most basic issue in the business world and particularly in the human resource management. The moral cultural association helps in providing directions and guidance from different ranges with a specific goal to make symphony, moral and united workers. The code of the ethics is made on a decent marker in the association that has the responsibility of accepting the requirement that is solely for the moral practices and also has the power of executing it. The work ethics needs to be alluded in order to come up to a social standard that needs support of the individuals in order to become accountable so that it can charge their work the way they light up the conviction in the work that has bought an inborn incentive to that person. As per the corporate code of ethics an announcement can be made on the various morals, principles of direct, corporate standards and the codes of training that is regarded as the duty of the invest ors, shoppers and workers that has to be on earth or any other part in the world. The impression of the representatives is to make the moral association of the atmosphere to be fully observed and identified making their work completely fulfilled in an authoritative duty that makes the performance of the organization. The appraisals due to the performance by the companions and the employees is to make such a technique that will help in measuring the execution of their work. The work place where the needs to make their performance seen through the conduct of the humans with an evaluating angle. The workers need to conduct and show at their work those which is not identified and has a specific side in most of the parts that is on how well one performs his or her duty. This can be regarded as a consistent meaning for their work ethics that has been responsible primarily for their work that has to make their ethical conduct satisfactory. References Adeyeye, O.J., Adeniji, A.A., Osinbanjo, A.O. and Oludayo, O.O., 2015. Effects of Workplace Ethics on Employees and Organisational Productivity in Nigeria. Chiang, Y.H. and Tseng, S.H., 2016. The Necessity and Key Issues for Planning Workplace Ethics Course of Vocational High Schools.Xuexiao Xingzheng Shuangyuekan, (105), p.46. Ewest, T., 2015. Christian identity as primary foundation to workplace ethics.Religions, (2015), p.12. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Hartman, L.P., DesJardins, J.R. and MacDonald, C., 2014.Business ethics: Decision making for personal integrity and social responsibility. New York: McGraw-Hill. Holmquist, J.P., 2013. Workplace ethics at the time clock: Fudging time with respect to Western and Eastern views.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,24(11), pp.2221-2236. Lowery, C.M., Duesing, R.J. and Beadles II, N.A., 2014. A Research Note on the Relationships among Spirituality, Contextual Variables, and Perceptions of Ethics in the Workplace.Journal of Managerial Issues,26(4), p.408. Michaelson, C., Pratt, M.G., Grant, A.M. and Dunn, C.P., 2014. Meaningful work: Connecting business ethics and organization studies.Journal of Business Ethics,121(1), pp.77-90. Mitonga-Monga, J., Flotman, A.P. and Cilliers, F., 2016. Workplace ethics culture and work engagement: The mediating effect of ethical leadership in a developing world context.Journal of Psychology in Africa,26(4), pp.326-333. Mukherjee, S., Bhattacharjee, S. and Singha, S., 2016. Workplace Spirituality: A Paradigm Shift to Ethics from Business. SHENOY, G.T., 2016. Workplace Ethics II: Privacy, Conflict of Interest and Whistle-blowing. Taylor, S.G. and Pattie, M.W., 2014. When does ethical leadership affect workplace incivility? The moderating role of follower personality.Business Ethics Quarterly,24(4), pp.595-616. Verschoor, C.C., 2013. Ethical behavior differs among generations: a new study shows that the ethical behavior of younger workers differs from that of older generations. Business leaders should strengthen their ethics and compliance programs to address these differences.Strategic Finance,95(2), pp.11-14. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Weiss, J.W., 2014.Business ethics: A stakeholder and issues management approach. Berrett-Koehler Publishers. Xu, A.J., Loi, R. and Ngo, H.Y., 2016. Ethical leadership behavior and employee justice perceptions: The mediating role of trust in organization.Journal of Business Ethics,134(3), pp.493-504.

Critique of the Argument advanced by Richard Sharp

Essay on Huck Finn, by Mark Twain. Relationship between Huck and Jim was nothing more than an alliance of two people, who run away from the society for one simple reason - to be free.

Essay on Huck Finn, by Mark Twain. Relationship between Huck and Jim was nothing more than an alliance of two people, who run away from the society for one simple reason - to be free. PARTNERS."Huck Finn" is a masterpiece of the American literature, written by Samuel Clemens, whom is well know under a pen name Mark Twain. Throughout its whole history, this book had caused lots of different opinions and debates. "Huck Finn" reveals a story about a thirteen-year-old boy, Huck, and a runaway slave, Jim. They fleet down the Mississippi River, meeting new people and lots of exciting adventures on their way. Jim and Huck are two runaways that stick together only to survive, and their relationship can hardly be called a friendship.It is natural that Huck and Jim are getting closer to each other during their journey, and at first sight it might even seem that they are becoming true friends. However there are lots of examples proving that their relationship was nothing more than an alliance of two people, who run away from the society for one simple reason - to be free.The Adventures of Huck Finn (1993 film)Jim wants to technically be free from labor and Huck want to break free from the societies molar rules and obligations, and live the way he feels is right. And their relationship in no way falls under the definition friendshipFriendship is a relationship between two people with more than one common interest, who have similar views on life and its values, and who seek no profit from their friendship.Huck and Jim, though, unite merely because they realize that it is easier to travel together than apart.One may argue that Huck cares about Jim , doesn't want him to get caught and always saves him as in the case with two armed man, who tried to catch Jim, and Huck, in order to save Jim, creates a whole novel about a pap with a smallpox. (81). However it is obvious that Huck does...

The Main Causes of a Major Problem in Our Society Essay

The Main Causes of a Major Problem in Our Society - Essay Example The human society comprises of many deep-rooted problems that need to be understood and tackled. The solving of problems makes it essential to understand the underlying causes of these issues. Many societal problems can be managed if their causes are known and targeted for proper solutions. Teen pregnancy is a major problem that exists in our society and it results in many negative effects. These include social and economic problems as well as health issues for the teen mothers. This may also be accompanied with psychological stress for the young teenage mothers. Furthermore, these young girls are also unable to complete their education. Therefore, it is important that the reasons of teen pregnancy should be known and solved. A low socioeconomic status as the well lower level of education and societal forces are responsible for the rise in the number of teen pregnancies (Donaldson et al 2003; Miller 2006; Thomas 2009). Teenagers who belong to lower socioeconomic groups have a higher tendency for becoming pregnant through their young ages. This is because people belonging to low socioeconomic groups thrive in poor living conditions which result in stress and disturbed households. This provides for the teenagers to opt for sexual behaviors for the attainment of pleasure. Furthermore, mostly the parents of these children are lowly paid and they stay away from home for work for extended periods of time.

Business Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Management Report - Essay Example However, at the conclusion part, the report summarizes the approaches adopted to assess and manage performance, as well as the summary of performance management, in general. Performance management concept is a recent development that adopts a future-oriented strategy that is focused and is applied to all workers with an aim of maximizing their usual level of performance and future potentiality. This increasing focus on the level of performance at all levels in a company arose from the globalization pressures. There is an urgent need, of creating competitive advantage, is for survival in the marketplace internationally (Elias and Scarbrough, 2004). Talents, abilities, competencies, human capital, the value-creating skills, and competencies, of a companys employees, are argued to be a significant component in forming such competitive advantage (Mayo, 2001). Management of performance is noted to be the main role in human capital development (Tahvanainen, 2000). In addition, performance management is a continuous cycle to assess and manage the development of skills and tasks of all workers so that the organization can achieve its goals. In this section, it has been divided into three major parts and subsections on it. The major sections include an overview of the management cycle, review of different approaches to performance management and analysis of the problems associated with assessing and managing performances. Human resources problems that are commonly experienced by employers include establishing productivity, recruitment, employees, carrying out and prevent discrimination. However, the report covered performance management in organizations. This section is divided into three sections. They are an overview of the performance management cycle, a review of the different approaches to performance management and analysis of the problems associated with assessing and managing performance. In addition, there are

How were World War I and World War II truly world wars Essay

How were World War I and World War II truly world wars - Essay Example These to countries had massive control in the affairs of different countries and they used their power to influence much of the political happenings in these countries. The major players of the wars put all their industrial, economic and person capabilities on the war. This impacted heavily on the economies of the countries involved in the wars (p.21). Most of these countries were major world powers and their economies affected the economic situations in other countries. When the economy slumped during the two wars, all countries in the world were affected in one way or another, even when they were not directly involved in the war. The two world wars also changed the face of social relations of different people from different countries (p.26). Each of the opposing sides had allies who fought against the allies of another opposing group, thus creating tension where there were not supposed to be tensions. Reference Dowswell, P., Brocklehurst, R. and Brook, H. 2007. The Two world Wars: An introduction to the first and second world wars. New York: Educational Publishers.

The Weimar Republic of 1919 | Analysis

The Weimar Republic of 1919 | Analysis The Weimar Republic of 1919 characterised the struggle and failure to establish democracy in Germany following World War One. Despite possessing near-identical elements required to govern as successfully as the Federal Republic of 1945, the government was fragile and short-lived (Smith, 1991). Those in authority neglected to increase the power of the parliament or commit fully to the system, choosing instead to stumble along forming weak coalitions that did not stand the test of time (Conradt, 2009). Weimars constitutional weaknesses allowed Hitler to come to power and the dark reign of the Third Reich began in 1933. By contrast, post-WWII democracy was successfully implemented and maintained because the policy makers of the Basic Law ensured a politics of consensus dominated (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009). Roberts (2009) further believes they were influenced by the material, political, and ethical legacy of the two world wars Germany was a part of. Germany was divided into the dem ocratic West and the communist East, before achieving unification in 1990. Despite the brief history given here, it is easily recognised that Germanys political history is a complex story of a country struggling to achieve a stable democracy in an unconventional way. The Federal Republic of 1949 distinguished itself from Weimar through its constitution and electoral/party system, which are key factors when explaining democracys success. This essay will specifically contrast the constitutions and electoral/party systems of Weimar and Bonn, as well as other factors such as the economy briefly, to explain why democracy succeeded after 1949. The Federal Republic demonstrated clear changes from Weimar, but also contained elements of continuity from the past both in its constitution and party system (Roberts, 2000). Both federal systems had similar institutions in place, such as the Constitutional Courts to resolve disputes, and the representation of 16 LÃ ¤nder (federal states) at a national level through the Bundesrat (federal Council). Their constitutions were quite advanced, with a Bill of Rights guaranteeing every German citizen the freedom of speech, religion and equality. Both governed through coalition parties; no party has been able to govern alone in Germanys history save one (Gordon, 1991). This demonstrates that permanently built into the system is the need for different political groups to reach out across the political chasm and co-operate in a politics of consensus. With such similarities, why did the Weimar government collapse a few years later? Pulzer (1994) believes that if it had been dealt a better dec k of cards, [the Weimar Republic] might have survived longer (1994, p. 4). The answer is also that it is institutions and everyday practices that promote stability in the system, and in Weimar, neither was stable. The Federal Republic distinguished itself from Weimar through the governing framework of its constitution. The Basic Law bolstered the parliamentary system by downgrading the president, who became a largely representative, indirectly elected head of state, and by enhancing the stature of the chancellor (Smith, 1991, p.48). This was a clear reaction to the dual executive in Weimars constitution which authorized the president to act autonomously of the Reichstag (Conradt, 2009). Although the president of the Weimar Republic was given more power to avoid political paralysis in the Reichstag, Article 48 allowed Hitler to come to power in the end. Hence the Basic Law made the presidential role more ceremonial than anything else. By using the failings of Weimar to measure the effectiveness of the present democracy, the policy makers of Bonn achieved to still fears of a second Hitler (Paterson, 2000). The constitution of 1949 also helped democracy by dispersing power from the centre of German authority. The Basic Law worked against centralised power, guaranteeing autonomy of responsibility to Germanys different regions, and thus preventing the rise of authoritarian rule (Paterson, 2000). In the Bonn Republic power was diffused to institutions, not the general population, despite the frequent invocation of the phrase Die Staatsgewalt geht vom Volke aus, [the government authority emanates from the people] the famous Article 1 of the Weimar constitution (Paterson, 2000, p.25). This diffusion of power ensures institutions must operate together during the decision-making process, thus promoting a democratic atmosphere. The Constitutional Court, for instance, exemplifies the separation of powers by upholding the Basic Law and defending civil liberties, in contrast to Weimar, whose court was easily subverted and unstable. It can be argued that such diffusion of power might negatively aff ect governing by creating too many agencies and actors. Alternatively, if one institution decides to create paralysis in the system, fragmentation could occur. However, the systems stability has not been greatly threatened. This is testament to Germanys constitutional strength and determination to uphold democratic rule (Paterson, 2000). The reforms to the party system after 1949 also aided in democracys success. Consensus among the political parties in the Bundestag (Federal Diet) ensured institutional stability after 1949 (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009). In contrast, stable majorities could not be formed in Weimars Reichstag (parliament) due to the existence of proportional representation (Conradt, 2009). The republic was therefore a polarised pluralist system of numerous small parties, with no consensual decision-making taking place. The hyperinflation of 1923, for example, fuelled new political parties which the Reichstag was unable to socialise to its norms (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009, p.470). Orderly parliamentary procedure disintegrated once the centre parties came under the assault of the radical extremists. By contrast, the success of post-WWII democracy can be explained through consensus promoting institutional stability, because this was absent in the Reichstag. After 1945, there was co-operative federali sm and consensual decision making among the political parties, especially with the issue of comparable living standards in all regions. Democracy also succeeded because of the modifications made to Germanys political/electoral system after 1949. In the Reichstag, consensus was neglected because radical groups pursued electoral votes, not caring that it lost them all effectiveness within the chamber as they contributed to its paralysis (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009, p.471). After 1949, however, parliament developed into a moderate pluralist system. Parties could only enter with more than 5% of the national vote or 3 constituency seats without. New parties which entered the Bundestag were therefore socialised to the parliamentary customs (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009).Through this measure, consensus dominated because it encouraged stable, moderate politics while discouraging extreme politics. This helped democracy succeed, because fewer parties meant more stability, the establishment of a co-operative opposition and prevention of anti-system parties (Paterson, 2000). Therefore, the electoral system, as with all other a spects of the system, encourages moderation and consensus. Other factors such as economic conditions after 1949 might also explain why democracy succeeded. With democracy stabilising around the 1950s, Germany also experienced full employment. This is vastly different to the economic and democratic situation in 1919, because the existence of a weak government with limited policy making skills meant there was no active labour policy and millions were unemployed (Schmidt, 1992). However, with Marshall Aid speeding Germanys economic recovery, the 1950s showed rapid progress both in terms of the economy and democratic governing. The German Model further developed the state after 1945, in contrast to poorly-developed welfare state of Weimar (Schmidt, 1992). Modell Deutschland, with the concept of the managed firm and co-determination, became renowned throughout the world (Smith, 2005). Products made in Germany demonstrated that it had become an economic force to be reckoned with, especially with its car industry. It can therefore be argued that un precedented economic stability after WWII also helped ensure democracys popularity. Another factor explaining democracys success after WWII emanates from the national and foreign policies Germany has implemented. This country presents a complex and layered picture which is revealed through the challenges it has dealt with in the past. Germany promoted itself as a responsible power and avoided an aggressive foreign policy so reminiscent of Hitler, choosing instead to join NATO and promote pro-European policies at the height of the Cold War (Glees, 1996). Chancellor Brandts policy of ostpolitik (Change through Rapprochement) exposed the conflict surrounding national identity following unification, where East Germans continued to feel like second class citizens in their own country (Wiesenthal, 1998). The 1970s saw the upsurge of the extreme Left, but despite these negative impacts, the structures of the German political and social systems remain strong. Therefore, Germanys promotion of European integration and the political culture of the time ensured democratic rule succeeded. In conclusion, it is clear that despite what some may see as an abnormal path taken by Germany towards normalisation, it seems to have worked (Smith, 2005). It is argued that the countrys first attempt at democracy failed due to a specific set of circumstances facing interwar Germany, coupled with defects in the Weimar constitution [] (Conradt, 2009, p.7). It can certainly be agreed on that important evolutions in the system to the constitution and party/electoral system, coupled with better economic and social conditions were vital in sustaining democracy after WWII (Smith, 1991). The Basic Law remains largely the same as in 1949, which is a testament to its success in founding and maintaining a democratic Germany. In addition, Germany also recognised a politics of consensus is a pre-requisite for federalism to work. Its decision to take this unconventional path and follow the federal political system with a consensus democracy demonstrates that sovereignty may not always be the a nswer; homogenising such a large country with different regions and practices would be impossible. It is institutional stability and every day practices, coupled with the politics of consensus, which established democracy successfully in Germany. Bibliography: Conradt, D. (2009). The German Polity. 9th ed. USA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Glees, A. (1996) Reinventing Germany: German political development since 1945. UK: Berg Paterson, W. E. (2000). From the Bonn to the Berlin republic. German Politics, 9(1), 23-40. Pulzer, P. (1994). Unified Germany: a normal state? German Politics, 3(1), 1-17. Roberts, G.K. (2009). German Politics Today. 2nd ed. UK: Manchester University Press. Slagter, T.H and Loewenberg, G. (2009). Path Dependence as an explanation of the institutional stability of the German Parliament. German Politics, 18(4), 469- 484. Schmidt, M. G. (1992). Political consequences of German unification. West European Politics, (15)4, 1-15. Smith, G. (1991). The resources of a German chancellor. West European Politics, 14(2), 48-61. Smith, M. P. (2005). Introduction From Modell Deutschland to Model Europa: Europe in Germany and Germany in Europe. German Politics, (14)3, 275-282. Wiesenthal, H. (1998). Post-unification dissatisfaction, or why are so many East Germans unhappy with the new political system? German Politics, 7(2), 1-30.

How Does a Writer Engage a Reader? :: Teaching Writing

How Does a Writer Engage a Reader? It's still snowing. The wind is so strong; it is hard to stay upright. I'm lost in a blizzard. Ahead of me, I see a faint glow. Is it a lamp in my house? I tell myself, "Keep moving toward the light." Left, right, left, right, up, down, I keep walking. I'm so cold. I press on, but the light remains just out of range. Left, right, left, right, up, down. The light grows brighter. Now it dims. I suddenly realize that I'm walking in circles. Where do I go with this paper? How do I get beyond the theme? Why is this assignment so difficult for me to grasp? Intellectually I understand the assignment, at least the right side of my brain does. The left side of my brain seems to be disengaged. Every time I feel like I've nearly got "it,""it" vanishes, eluding me once more. I never realized how difficult it was to break the writing habits learned throughout life. "Themewriting" may not be good writing, but I fear it is the only kind of writing I've ever done. I believe that "theme writing" may still have value and that "themewriting" is undesirable because it fails to engage the reader and to communicate anything of substance. How does a writer communicate and engage a reader? Is it by using a lot of details? The author of The Innocent Nihilist used a lot of details. Those details didn't help me understand it any better. I still am confused about what he was trying to communicate to me. Did Lee really dislike his dog? Was he happy when the dog was killed? Or, was Lee just happy that he wasn't the one hit by the car. The author caught my attention initially by his use of dialogue, much as Mike's attention was held by Lee's story. A lot of details were present, but they didn't help me any with this story. Another paper, Martin Luther King, also used details. It told me where Martin Luther King was educated and what some of his religious convictions were, but it failed to reveal the whole man. It didn't develop his character or reveal his passions. The paper had some details, but it fell short of my expectations. It's still snowing. It's been snowing since noon. The wind is howling; it must be at least 30 m.p.h.

Implement Person Centred Approaches in Health and Social Care Essay

1.1 Understand person centered approaches for care and support Person centred values is a theory developed by Carl Rogers that trusted the innate tendency (known as the actualising tendency) of human beings to find fulfilment of their personal potentials. An important part of this theory is that in a particular psychological environment, the fulfilment of personal potentials includes sociability, the need to be with other human beings and a desire to know and be known by other people. It also includes being open to experience, being trusting and trustworthy, being curious about the world and being creative and compassionate. It is important to work in a way that embeds person centred values so that a person feels free from threat, both physically and psychologically. This environment could be achieved when being in a relationship with a person who was deeply understanding (empathic), accepting (having unconditional positive regard) and genuine (congruent). Risk taking can be part of a person centred approach as we would choose to use positive and informed risk taking which would involve building a positive view of the individual, and seeking to learn what a persons gifts and skills are and what people admire about them. In person centred thinking we also explore the consequences of not taking the risk so that these may be balanced against the consequences of taking the risk. Using an individuals care plan contributes to working in a person centred way as this would be constructed by the client with the support of the care worker so that the client has full control over their recovery, instead of the support plan being constructed by the care worker whereby the client feels as if they have no control of their recovery. 1.2 Work in a person centred way In order to find out the history, preferences, wishes and needs of an individual I would refer to any previous files held with regards to that person, as well as discussing directly with the client what the preferenes etc. of that person are. I use person centred values in everyday working as I am an extremely empathic, accepting and congruent person. 1.3 Establishing consent when providing care or support Informed consent is important to establish when providing care or support so that the client is fully aware of their responsibilities, any actions that will be taken and the consequences of either taking or not taking a particular action or decision. In UK case law it has been established that consent must be given by a person with mental ability to do so, sufficient information should be given to the individual and they should not be coerced into giving consent, if these are not met then consent is considered to be invalid. The process of establishing informed consent will vary according to individuals assessed capacity to consent. If informed consent can not be readily established then we must abide by the individuals wishes after explaining fully the consequences of not consenting to a certain action. If a person is mentally incapable of providing their consent then we must refer to any care or support plan or legal documentation that may have been established whilst they were capable of making an informed decision. If none of these are available then consent can be given by their next of kin, but we must involve the individual in the process as much as possible. We do however have a ‘duty of care’ to a person, if the persons health and safety is at an immediate risk then certain actions can be taken in order to prevent any immediate risk to that person. 1.4 Encourage active participation Active participation benefits an individual as it recognises an individuals right to participate in the activities and relationships of everyday life as independently as possible. The individual is regarded as an active participant in their own care and support rather than a passive recipient. Possible barriers to active participation may include, amongst others, the mental or physical disability of an individual. 1.5 Support the individuals right to make choices I would support an individual to make informed choices by giving the individual full information with regards to the positive and negative effects of any decisions they make and respect their wish to make that decision. I would use agreed risk assessment processes so that the client was fully aware of any risks involved with regards to any decision they make and would also discuss this with my manager. A workers personal view should not influence an individuals choices as everyone is an individual in their own right and and therefore should be able to make their own choices as their interests would be different to a workers. I would support an individual to question or challenge any decision made by others by giving the individual full information with regards to that decision in an unbiased manner, if the individual wanted to make any changes with that decision then I would discuss this with my manager and use agreed risk assessment processes to enable the individual to make those changes. 1.6 Promote individuals’ well-being Individual identity and self esteem are linked with well-being as everyone has their own interests and what one person may find interesting another person may not find interesting, for example, if a person is religious and attends church they find that this is part of their identity and promotes their own self esteem as they may feel they are doing their service to God. Another person may not believe in God and find attending church boring, therefore they may feel that they are being pressured into a belief that they disagree with, therefore taking away the psychological identity of an individual. Other aspects relating to well-being may include spiritual, emotional, cultural, social and political. Attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s well-being include listening to and treating an individuals decision with respect and enabling them to implement these into the everyday life, after giving the individual all information available in an unbiased manner, for example, if an individual decided that they wanted to attend church then no matter what my own opinions on this matter may be, I would help the individual to attend church and if necessary attend church with them.

Most popular places across the globe

Most popular places across the globe 6 most visited countries in the world You can be a fan of man-made wonders and love nature from the distance, but you will certainly take these sights into account next time you are planning your journey abroad. With powerful economics and growing tourist sector, they are sure to remain major visiting spots anytime you book a ticket. Thailand. Crystal clear water, sandy beaches and palm trees make Thailand a delectable destination for tourists, who are looking for some kind of adventure. Temples of ancient Hindu and Buddhist gods are everywhere, and you can get your fair share of spiritual experience by visiting one of the local museums and archeological sites. What is more, Thai people are usually very generous and welcoming towards visitors, flooding their country annually, and the main sites will expect more than 100 million tourists the next year. United Kingdom. Despite political inconveniences that have been occurring in the capital of the UK lately and have caused major backlash from the country’s leading parties, London still remains one of the most visited cities in the world. Its multinational community, combined with eccentric British taste, won’t leave you cold, and the rainy local weather will remind you of the days when Arthur Conan Doyle wrote his masterpieces. The old school style and thriving night life make the country a hot spot for tourists, who are looking for a good adventure and a touch of history. Germany. Apart from being loved by its own people, Germany attracts millions of tourists every year. Some say the reasons are simple: it is not only an affordable destination, but also one of the safest. Germany has the lowest criminal rate among European countries and can boast employment opportunities for students, who want to combine profit and leisure. Foreigners love the country for its natural resources as well, distinguishing protected areas like the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park and the Jasmund National Park. Italy. Many people confess they dream of visiting Italy on a daily basis. With its renowned Mediterranean cuisine and lazy, laid-back Southern lifestyle, this country steadily becomes one of the most desirable in terms of tourism. For those, who would like to bathe in the sun and listen to the waves, crashing on the shore, Italy will be undoubtedly a holiday destination of a century. Luxurious hotels and historical sites in cities like Florence, Venice and Milan have a culture of their own and welcome visitors from around the world. If you are in love with the Renaissance period and art history, you will be delighted to explore the sights that include Colosseum and Roman Forum. Moreover, a guide will always be near to show you around, and even if you do not speak the language, locals are normally friendly towards foreigners. China. You may have heard about the Great Wall of China, but do you know there is a lot more to this country than meets the eye? Other fantastic destinations include the Shaolin Temple, the Huangguoshu Waterfall and the Forbidden City, a romantic and ghostly spot right in the middle of the country, where east and west meet. We cannot speak for all the tourists across the globe, but the majority of those, who ever visited China, said it was the most groundbreaking experience of their lifetime. Not only does this country preserve old traditions and honors the gods of their ancestors, it also resembles a perfect mixture of ancient and contemporary, a combination, thrilling for any traveler with experience. United States. On a global scale, the USA stands second to none in terms of tourism and tourist attractions. Its main destinations are the Grand Canyon, Hawaiian beaches and lagoons with crystal clear water. Educational tourism is a main source of income in more than thirty states, and Hawaiian summers bring millions of dollars to the national treasury. With this number steadily growing, America can be proudly named one of the most popular countries for travelers and adventure-seekers across the globe.

Spaghetti Bridge Essays

Spaghetti Bridge Essays Spaghetti Bridge Essay Spaghetti Bridge Essay Designing an efficient model bridge structure, using cardboard, string and spaghetti, that can hold as much weight as possible.Background informationBridges are structural assemblies that are intuitively associated with rivers and natural obstacles however, bridge forms are present in many other structures. An ordinary shelf has similarities to a bridge. As a further example, structural form of Thames bridges in London was considered. In all cases structures need to be specially designed to respond to different loading conditions that can occur. The predominant load on a road bridge across the river is lateral from traffic but side, lateral, load can also occur (from wind, or impact from passing boats, etc.). Different structural options can be used but, most frequent, simple systems, are beams and trusses. Both systems have drawbacks. Due to their large area trusses can be subject to large side forces and beams can be heavy.MethodThe mass of cardboard was recorded. The bridge was co nstructed by spaghetti, string and hot melt glue. After construction the mass of the bridge was recorded. The bridge was loaded until it was collapsed. The support for the bridge shall be from the top of the level surfaces. The edges of the level surfaces could not be used in any way for support. The bridge was judged based on the ratio of the maximum load held before collapsing compared to the weight of the bridge. The efficiency of bridge was calculatedEfficiency = Fmax /WWhere Fmax is the maximum load, which was sustained for at least 10 seconds and W is the self-weight of the bridge.

Why did the Oslo Peace Process of the 1990s fail to deliver the Dissertation

Why did the Oslo Peace Process of the 1990s fail to deliver the promise of a just and lasting peace between Israel and the Pales - Dissertation Example Scholars and academics have dissected the facts and circumstances and attempted to discover the reasons for the failure of the Oslo Accords. Two dominant themes were identified in the literature. One theme demonstrates a tendency to blame the internal political contestations between the PLO and Hamas as the culprit. The other them is Israeli-related and points to Israel’s ambitions to enlarge and normalize its occupation of Palestine. This research study analyzes both themes and concludes that is was a combination of both Israeli political ambitions and internal political contestation. The 21st century remains haunted by a number of long and unresolved conflicts, none more turbulent than the Israeli-Arab conflict (Kittrie, 2003). Long-standing uncertainties about Palestine’s state status are juxtaposed against Israel’s determination to secure its borders in an increasingly hostile and contentious region. Yet in1993, the on-going conflict that appeared to be on it s final legs as it appeared Palestine and Israel had agreed to a peace settlement also known as the Oslo accords (Sayigh, 2002). However, by 2000, the conflict intensified and the need for a solution is more important than ever before. Instability in the region threatens peace in the Middle East and the rest of the world. Thus by identifying the reasons for the failure of the Oslo accords during the 1990s can help us to identify what went wrong for the construction of a new and more realistic intervention scheme. Scholars and academics have conducted significant research into the causes of the Oslo accord failure. Findings are varied although two main themes have been identified in the literature. One theme demonstrates a tendency to attribute the Oslo peace failure to internal political contestation with Palestine. The other theme tends to shift blame for the Oslo peace failure to Israel’s behaviour and sense of entitlement. The arguments in the literature that will be exami ned in this research study are therefore divided into two main categories: Palestinian-Related Factors and Israeli-Related Factors. Palestinian-Related Factors Using the theory of internal political contestation, Pearlman (2008/09) argues that the Oslo Peace Conference failed because, internal conflicts over contested leadership in Palestine led to violence and disruptions specifically calculated to spoil the peace negotiation process (p.80). Similar arguments are made by Shikaki (2002) who argue that internal political conflict over perceived failure by the Palestinian Liberation Army (PLO) and its failure to secure an independent Palestine is the catalyst for the failed Oslo accords of the 1990s. Indyk (2003) likewise attributes the failed Oslo peace settlement of the 1990s to internal conflicts and places the blame on insurgencies and terrorism and poor government institutions in Palestinian territories. Kydd and Walter (2002) use a game theory model to demonstrate that extremism and a lack of confidence within Palestine which led to the deliberate â€Å"

Is there a need for Public Health Nutritionists to be accredited as a Essay

Is there a need for Public Health Nutritionists to be accredited as a regulated and professional body in the UK Discuss - Essay Example On the other hand, a growing number of information is now accessible through internet and various media types. There is then a conflict on who to believe when it comes to nutrition. In this case, although voluntary registration appropriately assesses capabilities of public health nutritionists, there is still a need for mandatory regulation and accreditation as a professional body in United Kingdom that will address the complex nutritional demands of its citizens. British culture in relation to food made some gradual alterations. As surmised by Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (2008), â€Å"there is a healthier pattern of intake†¦ but there is still need for immediate actions to ensure further improvements in patterns of food consumption and intake of several nutrients.† In this area, although progress has taken place, guidance to guarantee its continued rise is still required. The role of organizations is to keep up with the current trend. Presently, the Nutrition Society is the leading organization in the â€Å"advancement of scientific study of nutrition and its application to the maintenance of human and animal health† (Buttriss & Daniels, 2003). This ensures proper screening of individuals and legal organizations in nutrition and related fields. The said organization offers a voluntary approach in registration processes, wherein â€Å"assessment mechanisms focuses on attainment of minimum standard of compete ncy in knowledge, skills, and attitudes on the required tasks† (Davies, Margetts & Hughes, n.d.). The minimal techniques employed seemed to contradict the graveness of the situation involving the present overall nutritional status of British people. Specifically, Nutrition Society initially was in charge during the creation of voluntary registration for public health nutrition (PHN). In an article entitled Overview of the Public Health Nutrition Landscape (Anon., n.d.), it defined public health nutrition as

Florence Nightingale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Florence Nightingale - Essay Example Modern nursing concepts has since then developed from her time. This paper then is an exploration on how Florence Nightingale might view some of the modern nursing concepts of today based on her renowned book. According to Legal Concepts in Nursing Practice (n.d.), malpractice or professional negligence refers to the legal consequences when a professional nurse does an unreasonable act given a situation or when she fails to do the rightful act given a situation. Nightingale constantly raised the importance of vigilance while nursing patients throughout her book. She is certainly against malpractice and negligence in treating patients and sees these acts as pure carelessness. For Nightingale, nurses should do anything possible to maintain a healthy environment for the patient including unpleasant chores. "If a nurse declines to do these kinds of things for her patient, "because it is not her business," I should say that nursing was not her calling" (Nightingale, 1860, pp. 22) This statement also gives emphasis on Nightingale's belief that professionalism must be among the basic attributes of a nurse especially since they are dealing with patient's health and lives. While technical skills and knowledge are substantial in the profession, the way they are utilized are just as important. Another nursing concept is abandonment, where nurses leave their assigned patients without prior notice. Nightingale is adamant that nurses should always be focused on the patient. "A careful nurse will keep a constant watch over her sick, especially weak, protracted and collapsed cases" (Nightingale, 1860, pp.17). Moreover, Nightingale says that if a nurse has to go for health or duty requirements then she must go and tell her patient so. "If you go without his knowing it, and he finds it out, he never will feel secure again that the things which depend upon you will be done when you are away, and in nine cases out of ten he will be right" (Nightingale, 1860, p. 39). With this not only are the nurses doing their duties responsibly but also with deference to their patients. For Nightingale a nurse's deference or respect to the sick is beneficial to its recovery and it manifests in how nurses deal with their patients. "The official politeness in these things are so grateful to invalids, that many prefer, without knowing why, having none but servants about them." (Nightingale, 1860, pp. 49). According to Code of Ethics for Nurses (n.d.), the concept of beneficence is the obligation to do well and not harm other people while nonmaleficence is the principle of preventing intentional harm. This coincides with Nightingale's belief that the patient shouldn't be harmed further given his circumstances and that nurses should be careful and observant when dealing with patients to avoid distress or worse, mishaps. According to Nightingale (1860), when nurses talk to their patients, "nurses should stay within the patient's view" so that patients won't have to feel the pain when turning their heads around. It is advisable that nurses be as motionless as they can when talking to them and position themselves in a way that is not wearisome to the patient. Nightingale (1860) also adds that it is not advisable to "meet or overtake a

Unemployment Essay Example for Free

Unemployment Essay In every society there will always be a number of people who are unemployed. Unemployment is when there are people in our society who desire work but are unable to obtain it because of the fact that there are not enough jobs for everyone. There are many factors that can cause unemployment but one of the biggest factors is lack of private investment. This is caused by private companies not expanding their activities fast or not expanding them fast enough. Another main factor of unemployment is the increase of labour costs. Labour costs are the wages and salaries businesses have to pay their employees. This is a bad thing because if there wages and salaries increase to fast or are already high then businesses won’t be able to afford to pay the employees so they have to fire them. One final cause of unemployment is when there is a depression in the world economy. This is when countries of the world are going bad in there economy and cannot afford to buy as many exports as they would be able to previously. There are no positive aspects of unemployment and is really bad for the production of the economy. This means that we are wasting our resources because instead of producing goods and services with them we aren’t doing anything with them. But this isn’t the only effect of unemployment, people’s income will also change and it will cause more poverty. Unemployment also reduces the amount of tax paid to the government which means that the government will be losing money because since less people are working the government is getting less income tax but with whatever money they get they have to pay all the unemployed people and this is how the government gets into a lot of debt. Long-term unemployment is when people have been unemployed for 12 months or more. This is a very serious matter because when you have been unemployed for so long you have a high risk of poverty. Long term unemployment also places a strain on the government because they have to support without getting much tax revenue. Unemployment, particularly long term unemployment, is the most savage cause of poverty and disadvantage in our community. It is the cause of enormous personal and financial hardship for hundreds of thousands of people and their families. Unemployment is the greatest determiner of poverty and exclusion–and that is why the fight against unemployment is so critically important. However it is said that this battle can only result in victory by concentrating on providing jobs and opportunities rather than penalties or slogans. The importance of employment can only be explained, in that undertaking paid work fulfils many functions in our society. Employment is the main way of receiving money and thus survival, but we also often gain our sense of identity, self-worth and social connections through the paid work we do. Unemployment is the condition of one who is capable of working, actively seeking work but is unable to secure a paid job. However, it is essential to note that to be considered unemployed, a person must be an active member of the labour force and in search of remunerative work. In March 2002, the ABS estimated that 622,300 people were unemployed in Australia at a rate of 6. 3 per cent. This is disturbing, in itself, but the figures would be even higher if the definition of unemployment was not so narrow. While the unemployment rate is useful, it also has some very real limitations. It does not represent what jobs are disappearing or being created, whether they are part-time or full-time, permanent or casual. It also does not reflect upon whether people are working too many hours or not enough hours, or the amount of time they remain without work. Unemployment is not a problem solely for those without paid work; it is a problem for all of us. If people have no money to spend, local businesses do not sell their products and this spiraling effect can impact on entire economies. People face a number of barriers to employment. The primary barrier is that there are not enough jobs for those who wish to undertake paid employment. In February 2002 there were still seven job-seekers for every job vacancy. There are also not enough supports available for people seeking paid work, such as access to affordable child care and rehabilitation or support mechanisms for people with disabilities. Also, paradoxically, people are often considered too young or too old by prospective employers, so age can also be a barrier to employment. Other barriers relate to where people are living. There are differences between rural and urban levels of unemployment, and also stark differences between suburbs in all major Australian cities. The unemployment rate is a figure produced monthly by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). An unemployed person is defined by the ABS as someone not in paid employment who is actively looking for work. Anyone who is doing paid work for at least one hour a week is not considered to be unemployed. Many people are marginally attached to the labour orce–they want to work but are not actively seeking employment. Sometimes people stop looking for work because they are under the misleading impression that they won’t be successful. These discouraged job seekers may believe they are too old, or too young, or do not possess the skills an employer would want. This is hidden unemployment. The other large group of people not represented in the statistics are those who are working but would prefer to work more hours, the underemployed. In February 2002, over 27 per cent of part-time workers wanted to work more hours . Three sources of data are used to calculate the figures representing the labour force in regard to unemployment. These involve the monthly labour force survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, statistics from the Job Network and statistics from Centrelink. Also, the Australian Bureau of Statistics take sit further in that they attempt to categorize the final statistics into sections involving age, region, sex, occupation and education. Currently, as previously mentioned, the Australian Bureau of Statistics states that the unemployment rate in Australia is approximately 6. % and nevertheless, this figure does not encapsulate hidden employment. Unfortunately, anyone can become unemployed readily. Statistically, however, indigenous Australians, recently arrived migrants, people with disabilities, young people and older workers who have been retrenched are most likely to be unemployed. People living in remote and rural communities also have higher rates of unemployment. The graph above shows the percentages of people in different age groups who were unemployed and looking for work in March 2002. Youth unemployment is very high across Australia. There are, however, fewer young people looking for work than in the past, as more undertake education and training before entering into the job market. Within the last two budgets, the Howard Government have attempted several tactics involving policies and the like to lower the unemployment rate in Australia. The centrepiece of the 2002 budget involved the Welfare Reform Package, which entailed many new policies to hopefully effectively reduce unemployment in Australia. This was designed to provide higher levels of service and support to those having difficulty with acquiring employment. This new system features policies where sole parents who wish to retain benefits they receive as an unemployed citizen and support a child between 12 and 15 years of age is required to attend an annual meeting at Centrelink, or a program which involves the undertaking of community service and/. or part time work. Those over the age of 50 are now required to claim identical benefits tot hose under, as opposed to the previous Mature Age Allowance or Partner Allowance. Training credits will be offered, but conversely mutual obligation requirements were introduced. Finally, all unemployed people face new requirements as soon as they have bee without employment for over 3 months, and are requested to attend interviews and job help programs to assist them in their search. Although Australians who are unemployed receive government assistance if they meet certain requirements, unemployment benefits leave many to survive below the poverty line. Governments play a pivotal role investing in research and development and social infrastructure (health, education and community services). Job creation is vital if the unemployment rate is to be reduced. If governments make such investments, this will not only maintain the fabric of society, but will create many meaningful employment opportunities. An important aspect of unemployment is the length of time people are without work. Long-term unemployment is a major problem in Australia. In March 2002, 24. 7 per cent of unemployed people had been without work for a year or more; of this group, 57. 2 per cent had been unemployed for over two years. It is estimated that one in five poor Australians are in paid work but are still almost unable to support themselves, and are known as–the ‘working poor’. Many people in Australia also get trapped in the cycle of insecure low-paid casual jobs, followed by periods spent living on income support. This growing number of people highlights the importance of creating quality jobs. Personally, I believe that whilst many effective strategies are in place to reduce unemployment in Australia, and in fact the rate of unemployment is lower than it has been in many years, more can be done to assist those unfortunate people. It has been said that the first step is to acknowledge that unemployment is a structural problem, not one of lazy individuals. This indicates that governments have a role to play in developing appropriate policy: as unemployment may be exacerbated by government policy it can similarly be alleviated by political intervention. A policy to reduce unemployment very substantially has a much greater chance of success if it is based on increased government expenditure. Some regions have been particularly hard hit, with industries that have previously provided the bulk of employment closing down or moving elsewhere. In some of these areas people from business, governments and the community have started working together to generate employment and strengthen local economies. In order to gain employment people need appropriate skills, so access to training is vital. Labour market programs that offer real and relevant training are needed not schemes which appear to blame unemployed people for their difficulties, with little focus on job placement and support. Whilst many occupations have placed several people out of work due to lack of demand, in opposition many professions require increased numbers of people to fill the demand in Australia. Programs should be established for the encouragement and training of those who require work in these fields, as this would doubly regard both the country and the people of it. In termination, unemployment is an involuntary condition, which not only affects those engulfed by it, but those who surround such people. In Australia, in my opinion we are blessed to live in such a democratic society, yet where the government takes an active interest in the plight of the people and thus encourages independence. The unemployment issues in Australia are countless, yet they are not without solution. In years to come, it is likely that our unemployment rate shall continue to decrease, due to the unfailing efforts of our government and citizens.

Interview With An Ethical Leader Theology Religion Essay

Interview With An Ethical Leader Theology Religion Essay When you hear the word leadership what comes to mind. At first thought, people generally thing of someone famous. For instance, one may think of great leaders of social movements or even great political leaders. However, after taking an ethics class, I have learned that leaders come in all shapes and sizes and leaders/leadership can be perceived differently to different people in different circumstances. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to give some insight on the values and perspectives pertaining to this matter found in my interview with an ethical leader. As I look around my community, I am more aware of the leadership within it. I see individuals who are indeed leaders that may never become famous; however, their leadership is essential to the life of the community. The question is would they be good, ethical leaders with positive intentions? In order for me to make this determination, I had to ask myself what defines a leader, but most importantly, what defines an ethical leader? In my previous management classes I learned that leadership was described as the ability to influence individuals or groups toward the achievement of goals. Nevertheless, leadership, as a process, shapes the goals of a group or organization, motivates behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and helps define group or organizational culture. On the other hand, in reality, it is largely a process of influence. Leadership is an active or changing process in the sense that, while influence is always present, the persons exercising that influence may chan ge (Hartman DesJardins, 2011). Still, I needed to know exactly what an ethical leader was or what may define an ethical leader. According to my readings and research I found that an ethical leader is one who knows their core values and possesses the courage to live them in all parts of their life in service of the common good(Grace, 2010). Such an individual is a leader that is identified by the quality of their actions and decisions. After gaining a better understanding of what an ethical leader stands for, I decided to look in a particular direction and profession for the best person to speak with about the topic. That direction was toward men and women of the cloth. I believed that I could not go wrong with the person I had in mind taking into account that he was a pastor as pastors play many diverse roles as leaders of church congregations. For example, they are spiritual directors as well as counselors and community leaders. Furthermore, they live their lives in the public eye. The ethical considerations of p astors must be manifold and play a role in their involvement in every domain of influence, whether corporate or individual (Mavrich). With that being said, I was able to choose an ideal ethical leader from my life and community for this assignment. He is my brother, Pastor Juan C. Walker of Encouraging Word Ministries located in Jacksonville, Florida. When I called him in regards to setting up an interview, he was more than willing; and I was just as curious to hear what he had to say. Leadership background The first thing I learned upon speaking with Pastor Juan pertained to his background. Pastor Juan firmly believes that every leader must first learn to be a good follower. His leadership background began during his childhood as he was brought up in the church and had two very strong parents that did the best they could to teach him morals and values. His father demonstrated leadership by being there no matter what as a provider, and most importantly as a man. In addition to his biological father, Pastor Juan has a spiritual father (whom he served under for 10 years) along with other mentors that have demonstrated leadership and helped mold him into the man and leader he is today. Direct/Indirect Leadership I did not even realize that his leadership extended to so many people. In addition to his family, Pastor Juan directly leads roughly 60 people in his church. But the numbers are numerous when it comes to indirect leadership. Pastor Juan felt that it was kind of hard to give an actual answer as to how many people he led because as a pastor, he said, you lead whoever is following and there are a many that follow. He went further to explain that as his reason for, figuratively speaking, leading by example on a daily basis because someone is always watching whether it be at church, at home or at work; which led me to our next topic of discussion. Ethics and the workplace Next we spoke about his mindset when interacting with others in the workplace. Pastor Juan made it perfectly clear that he has to have ethics present in his mind while interacting with others in the workplace because people have different backgrounds and may view life in many ways. After such a short and sweet answer, I moved on to the topic of subordinates, peers, and superiors. He says that ethics is something that one should not turn on and off and so he practices it in all aspects of his life; even at the job amongst superiors, co-workers, and customers alike. When I asked the question Do you practice business ethics when training subordinates? Pastor Juan paused before he spoke. Finally, he responded. His response was simply that he tries to have ethics present no matter what he does. When training subordinates, Pastor Juan says he does so in the same manner as he does with anything and that is by example. However, he explained to me that he does acknowledge the fact that no mat ter an individuals background, the job must be done decent and in order. He believes that a person can only be trained how to do a jobà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦not how to think or act. On the other hand, he does feel that when someone sees that an individual has a standard, they would strive to accomplish it also. I followed up with the question of do you promote ethical behavior to subordinates, peers, and superiors? He believes that subordinates to be trained in leadership. This means equipping them to lead and reminding them that they must first learn to follow as a leader cannot truly lead unless he first learns to follow. Pastor Juan told me that he always tries to promote ethical behavior regardless of who the person is because it allows that person the opportunity to be aware of whom they are dealing with. This response had me a little curious. So I went on to ask Do you select teams based on their personal ethical code? I learned from Pastor Juan that he did not use his personal ethica l code during the selection of committees, boards, or groups because it was not very significant when selecting any type of group or team in the workplace. He felt that the selection of the members should be made based on an individuals knowledge and qualifications pertaining to the criteria of the project. In regards customer relations, Pastor Juan added that ethical behavior greatly affects customer relations in that he believes people will remember how you made them feel before they remember what you said. This is why he promotes love by showing it and being hospitable. He said he does so by demonstrating in his actions because they speak louder than words. Ethical Issues/Decision-Making After learning how important ethics are to Pastor Juan, I inquired about the amount of time he spends dealing with ethical issues. Pastor Juan replied that he spends a lot of time dealing with ethical issues as a minister. He went on to explain to me how as a minister he has many roles that all involve ethical issues in one way or another. He informed me that he and his wife are sometimes responsible for the spiritual and emotional care of members of their congregation through counseling. Therefore, they have developed specific ethical guidelines in regards to counseling. In essence, Pastor Juan says that dealing with ethical issues is his job. There is no taking a break from ethics in my position, he explained. For me, it is a lifestyle. Pastor Juan also spoke on his social responsibility. He expressed that his guidance projects a sufficient amount of attention when it comes to social responsibility. He mentioned that although it could sometimes be a very trying and challenging task, he tries to be available to serve the people which means being accessible and available when needed. Other ways he discussed involved other churches and politics. In regards to other churches, there are several ethical issues, however Pastor Juan only focused on one. He made clear to me that pastors must determine where to draw the line amongst being ethical and serving a community that is not so committed to old-fashioned denominational structures as opposed to taking and recruiting members from another church. Pastor Juan went on to explain that despite the separation of church and state, pastors find they must struggle with the ethical beliefs and concerns that surround political issues, such as abortion and homosexuality. He understands that such situations should be handled with care as they deal with both religion and politics. Pastor Juan says he never puts himself in the position to judge, as he knows it is not his place and leaves certain things between the individual and God. All he can do is let the Bible speak by preaching and teaching accordingly. Following that topic, I focused on how ethics impacted his decision-making on a daily basis and throughout the year. He gave me a look and smiled as if to say that the question asked was an easy one. He told me that ethics play a major role in his decision-making as with everything thing else he does. This includes decision-making in both his personal and professional life. He included that in his position, he is held to very high standards and that he also had to lead the life he encourages everyone else to lead which goes back to living in the public eye because we never know whos watching. Moreover, expanding a little bit more on the previous questions asked, I went on to ask, Is having a sound ethical code of ethics important in competitive environments? Pastor Juan feels that having a sound ethical code of ethics is very important in our environment. He went further to say that he feels this way because he believes that even when being competitive there should be present a line of respect that others should follow. I would say its like having good sportsmanship and integrity. Conclusion As I approached the end of my interview, I wanted to know if there were any ethical ideas that Pastor Juan had to offer as a guide to prospective or current leaders in developing solid and sound decisions with the goal of overall success within the organization. Pastor Juan felt that the best advice he could give was that we all come from different backgrounds and we must respect how others view life. He explained that if we take the time out to get to know one another, we would find out that we are far more similar than we may be different. So with that being said my final question for Pastor Juan was If you were to summarize in one sentence on what ethics is, what would it be? Pastor Juan was quoted saying, I would say that ethics is a moral standard and individual lives by. He added that as he previously stated, it should not be turned on or off. Everyone should have a standard and stick to that standard no matter what the cost. For the Pastor Juan, I believe it is safe to say that ethics is ultimately abiding by to the biblical creed, do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Taking everything into account, I could not have picked a better example of ethical leadership than Pastor Juan. He is the epitome of righteous, just, and fair. He possesses all of these qualities and the many other characteristics of an ethical leader. This has become more evident after doing this interview and hearing his responses to the questions asked. He gave me a lasting impression of the type of person that he is and his role in the community. I cannot speak for anyone else but I can speak for myself; and I personally feel that anyone who comes in contact with this man of the cloth would be touched in some manner that would make them want to exhibit ethical characteristics as well. In any event, doing what is morally right and fair for the greater good of society is what ethics is all about and modeling such behavior on a daily basis is certainly true leadership.