Critique of the Argument advanced by Richard Sharp

Essay on Huck Finn, by Mark Twain. Relationship between Huck and Jim was nothing more than an alliance of two people, who run away from the society for one simple reason - to be free.

Essay on Huck Finn, by Mark Twain. Relationship between Huck and Jim was nothing more than an alliance of two people, who run away from the society for one simple reason - to be free. PARTNERS."Huck Finn" is a masterpiece of the American literature, written by Samuel Clemens, whom is well know under a pen name Mark Twain. Throughout its whole history, this book had caused lots of different opinions and debates. "Huck Finn" reveals a story about a thirteen-year-old boy, Huck, and a runaway slave, Jim. They fleet down the Mississippi River, meeting new people and lots of exciting adventures on their way. Jim and Huck are two runaways that stick together only to survive, and their relationship can hardly be called a friendship.It is natural that Huck and Jim are getting closer to each other during their journey, and at first sight it might even seem that they are becoming true friends. However there are lots of examples proving that their relationship was nothing more than an alliance of two people, who run away from the society for one simple reason - to be free.The Adventures of Huck Finn (1993 film)Jim wants to technically be free from labor and Huck want to break free from the societies molar rules and obligations, and live the way he feels is right. And their relationship in no way falls under the definition friendshipFriendship is a relationship between two people with more than one common interest, who have similar views on life and its values, and who seek no profit from their friendship.Huck and Jim, though, unite merely because they realize that it is easier to travel together than apart.One may argue that Huck cares about Jim , doesn't want him to get caught and always saves him as in the case with two armed man, who tried to catch Jim, and Huck, in order to save Jim, creates a whole novel about a pap with a smallpox. (81). However it is obvious that Huck does...

The Main Causes of a Major Problem in Our Society Essay

The Main Causes of a Major Problem in Our Society - Essay Example The human society comprises of many deep-rooted problems that need to be understood and tackled. The solving of problems makes it essential to understand the underlying causes of these issues. Many societal problems can be managed if their causes are known and targeted for proper solutions. Teen pregnancy is a major problem that exists in our society and it results in many negative effects. These include social and economic problems as well as health issues for the teen mothers. This may also be accompanied with psychological stress for the young teenage mothers. Furthermore, these young girls are also unable to complete their education. Therefore, it is important that the reasons of teen pregnancy should be known and solved. A low socioeconomic status as the well lower level of education and societal forces are responsible for the rise in the number of teen pregnancies (Donaldson et al 2003; Miller 2006; Thomas 2009). Teenagers who belong to lower socioeconomic groups have a higher tendency for becoming pregnant through their young ages. This is because people belonging to low socioeconomic groups thrive in poor living conditions which result in stress and disturbed households. This provides for the teenagers to opt for sexual behaviors for the attainment of pleasure. Furthermore, mostly the parents of these children are lowly paid and they stay away from home for work for extended periods of time.

Business Management Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Business Management Report - Essay Example However, at the conclusion part, the report summarizes the approaches adopted to assess and manage performance, as well as the summary of performance management, in general. Performance management concept is a recent development that adopts a future-oriented strategy that is focused and is applied to all workers with an aim of maximizing their usual level of performance and future potentiality. This increasing focus on the level of performance at all levels in a company arose from the globalization pressures. There is an urgent need, of creating competitive advantage, is for survival in the marketplace internationally (Elias and Scarbrough, 2004). Talents, abilities, competencies, human capital, the value-creating skills, and competencies, of a companys employees, are argued to be a significant component in forming such competitive advantage (Mayo, 2001). Management of performance is noted to be the main role in human capital development (Tahvanainen, 2000). In addition, performance management is a continuous cycle to assess and manage the development of skills and tasks of all workers so that the organization can achieve its goals. In this section, it has been divided into three major parts and subsections on it. The major sections include an overview of the management cycle, review of different approaches to performance management and analysis of the problems associated with assessing and managing performances. Human resources problems that are commonly experienced by employers include establishing productivity, recruitment, employees, carrying out and prevent discrimination. However, the report covered performance management in organizations. This section is divided into three sections. They are an overview of the performance management cycle, a review of the different approaches to performance management and analysis of the problems associated with assessing and managing performance. In addition, there are

How were World War I and World War II truly world wars Essay

How were World War I and World War II truly world wars - Essay Example These to countries had massive control in the affairs of different countries and they used their power to influence much of the political happenings in these countries. The major players of the wars put all their industrial, economic and person capabilities on the war. This impacted heavily on the economies of the countries involved in the wars (p.21). Most of these countries were major world powers and their economies affected the economic situations in other countries. When the economy slumped during the two wars, all countries in the world were affected in one way or another, even when they were not directly involved in the war. The two world wars also changed the face of social relations of different people from different countries (p.26). Each of the opposing sides had allies who fought against the allies of another opposing group, thus creating tension where there were not supposed to be tensions. Reference Dowswell, P., Brocklehurst, R. and Brook, H. 2007. The Two world Wars: An introduction to the first and second world wars. New York: Educational Publishers.

The Weimar Republic of 1919 | Analysis

The Weimar Republic of 1919 | Analysis The Weimar Republic of 1919 characterised the struggle and failure to establish democracy in Germany following World War One. Despite possessing near-identical elements required to govern as successfully as the Federal Republic of 1945, the government was fragile and short-lived (Smith, 1991). Those in authority neglected to increase the power of the parliament or commit fully to the system, choosing instead to stumble along forming weak coalitions that did not stand the test of time (Conradt, 2009). Weimars constitutional weaknesses allowed Hitler to come to power and the dark reign of the Third Reich began in 1933. By contrast, post-WWII democracy was successfully implemented and maintained because the policy makers of the Basic Law ensured a politics of consensus dominated (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009). Roberts (2009) further believes they were influenced by the material, political, and ethical legacy of the two world wars Germany was a part of. Germany was divided into the dem ocratic West and the communist East, before achieving unification in 1990. Despite the brief history given here, it is easily recognised that Germanys political history is a complex story of a country struggling to achieve a stable democracy in an unconventional way. The Federal Republic of 1949 distinguished itself from Weimar through its constitution and electoral/party system, which are key factors when explaining democracys success. This essay will specifically contrast the constitutions and electoral/party systems of Weimar and Bonn, as well as other factors such as the economy briefly, to explain why democracy succeeded after 1949. The Federal Republic demonstrated clear changes from Weimar, but also contained elements of continuity from the past both in its constitution and party system (Roberts, 2000). Both federal systems had similar institutions in place, such as the Constitutional Courts to resolve disputes, and the representation of 16 LÃ ¤nder (federal states) at a national level through the Bundesrat (federal Council). Their constitutions were quite advanced, with a Bill of Rights guaranteeing every German citizen the freedom of speech, religion and equality. Both governed through coalition parties; no party has been able to govern alone in Germanys history save one (Gordon, 1991). This demonstrates that permanently built into the system is the need for different political groups to reach out across the political chasm and co-operate in a politics of consensus. With such similarities, why did the Weimar government collapse a few years later? Pulzer (1994) believes that if it had been dealt a better dec k of cards, [the Weimar Republic] might have survived longer (1994, p. 4). The answer is also that it is institutions and everyday practices that promote stability in the system, and in Weimar, neither was stable. The Federal Republic distinguished itself from Weimar through the governing framework of its constitution. The Basic Law bolstered the parliamentary system by downgrading the president, who became a largely representative, indirectly elected head of state, and by enhancing the stature of the chancellor (Smith, 1991, p.48). This was a clear reaction to the dual executive in Weimars constitution which authorized the president to act autonomously of the Reichstag (Conradt, 2009). Although the president of the Weimar Republic was given more power to avoid political paralysis in the Reichstag, Article 48 allowed Hitler to come to power in the end. Hence the Basic Law made the presidential role more ceremonial than anything else. By using the failings of Weimar to measure the effectiveness of the present democracy, the policy makers of Bonn achieved to still fears of a second Hitler (Paterson, 2000). The constitution of 1949 also helped democracy by dispersing power from the centre of German authority. The Basic Law worked against centralised power, guaranteeing autonomy of responsibility to Germanys different regions, and thus preventing the rise of authoritarian rule (Paterson, 2000). In the Bonn Republic power was diffused to institutions, not the general population, despite the frequent invocation of the phrase Die Staatsgewalt geht vom Volke aus, [the government authority emanates from the people] the famous Article 1 of the Weimar constitution (Paterson, 2000, p.25). This diffusion of power ensures institutions must operate together during the decision-making process, thus promoting a democratic atmosphere. The Constitutional Court, for instance, exemplifies the separation of powers by upholding the Basic Law and defending civil liberties, in contrast to Weimar, whose court was easily subverted and unstable. It can be argued that such diffusion of power might negatively aff ect governing by creating too many agencies and actors. Alternatively, if one institution decides to create paralysis in the system, fragmentation could occur. However, the systems stability has not been greatly threatened. This is testament to Germanys constitutional strength and determination to uphold democratic rule (Paterson, 2000). The reforms to the party system after 1949 also aided in democracys success. Consensus among the political parties in the Bundestag (Federal Diet) ensured institutional stability after 1949 (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009). In contrast, stable majorities could not be formed in Weimars Reichstag (parliament) due to the existence of proportional representation (Conradt, 2009). The republic was therefore a polarised pluralist system of numerous small parties, with no consensual decision-making taking place. The hyperinflation of 1923, for example, fuelled new political parties which the Reichstag was unable to socialise to its norms (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009, p.470). Orderly parliamentary procedure disintegrated once the centre parties came under the assault of the radical extremists. By contrast, the success of post-WWII democracy can be explained through consensus promoting institutional stability, because this was absent in the Reichstag. After 1945, there was co-operative federali sm and consensual decision making among the political parties, especially with the issue of comparable living standards in all regions. Democracy also succeeded because of the modifications made to Germanys political/electoral system after 1949. In the Reichstag, consensus was neglected because radical groups pursued electoral votes, not caring that it lost them all effectiveness within the chamber as they contributed to its paralysis (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009, p.471). After 1949, however, parliament developed into a moderate pluralist system. Parties could only enter with more than 5% of the national vote or 3 constituency seats without. New parties which entered the Bundestag were therefore socialised to the parliamentary customs (Slagter and Loewenberg, 2009).Through this measure, consensus dominated because it encouraged stable, moderate politics while discouraging extreme politics. This helped democracy succeed, because fewer parties meant more stability, the establishment of a co-operative opposition and prevention of anti-system parties (Paterson, 2000). Therefore, the electoral system, as with all other a spects of the system, encourages moderation and consensus. Other factors such as economic conditions after 1949 might also explain why democracy succeeded. With democracy stabilising around the 1950s, Germany also experienced full employment. This is vastly different to the economic and democratic situation in 1919, because the existence of a weak government with limited policy making skills meant there was no active labour policy and millions were unemployed (Schmidt, 1992). However, with Marshall Aid speeding Germanys economic recovery, the 1950s showed rapid progress both in terms of the economy and democratic governing. The German Model further developed the state after 1945, in contrast to poorly-developed welfare state of Weimar (Schmidt, 1992). Modell Deutschland, with the concept of the managed firm and co-determination, became renowned throughout the world (Smith, 2005). Products made in Germany demonstrated that it had become an economic force to be reckoned with, especially with its car industry. It can therefore be argued that un precedented economic stability after WWII also helped ensure democracys popularity. Another factor explaining democracys success after WWII emanates from the national and foreign policies Germany has implemented. This country presents a complex and layered picture which is revealed through the challenges it has dealt with in the past. Germany promoted itself as a responsible power and avoided an aggressive foreign policy so reminiscent of Hitler, choosing instead to join NATO and promote pro-European policies at the height of the Cold War (Glees, 1996). Chancellor Brandts policy of ostpolitik (Change through Rapprochement) exposed the conflict surrounding national identity following unification, where East Germans continued to feel like second class citizens in their own country (Wiesenthal, 1998). The 1970s saw the upsurge of the extreme Left, but despite these negative impacts, the structures of the German political and social systems remain strong. Therefore, Germanys promotion of European integration and the political culture of the time ensured democratic rule succeeded. In conclusion, it is clear that despite what some may see as an abnormal path taken by Germany towards normalisation, it seems to have worked (Smith, 2005). It is argued that the countrys first attempt at democracy failed due to a specific set of circumstances facing interwar Germany, coupled with defects in the Weimar constitution [] (Conradt, 2009, p.7). It can certainly be agreed on that important evolutions in the system to the constitution and party/electoral system, coupled with better economic and social conditions were vital in sustaining democracy after WWII (Smith, 1991). The Basic Law remains largely the same as in 1949, which is a testament to its success in founding and maintaining a democratic Germany. In addition, Germany also recognised a politics of consensus is a pre-requisite for federalism to work. Its decision to take this unconventional path and follow the federal political system with a consensus democracy demonstrates that sovereignty may not always be the a nswer; homogenising such a large country with different regions and practices would be impossible. It is institutional stability and every day practices, coupled with the politics of consensus, which established democracy successfully in Germany. Bibliography: Conradt, D. (2009). The German Polity. 9th ed. USA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company Glees, A. (1996) Reinventing Germany: German political development since 1945. UK: Berg Paterson, W. E. (2000). From the Bonn to the Berlin republic. German Politics, 9(1), 23-40. Pulzer, P. (1994). Unified Germany: a normal state? German Politics, 3(1), 1-17. Roberts, G.K. (2009). German Politics Today. 2nd ed. UK: Manchester University Press. Slagter, T.H and Loewenberg, G. (2009). Path Dependence as an explanation of the institutional stability of the German Parliament. German Politics, 18(4), 469- 484. Schmidt, M. G. (1992). Political consequences of German unification. West European Politics, (15)4, 1-15. Smith, G. (1991). The resources of a German chancellor. West European Politics, 14(2), 48-61. Smith, M. P. (2005). Introduction From Modell Deutschland to Model Europa: Europe in Germany and Germany in Europe. German Politics, (14)3, 275-282. Wiesenthal, H. (1998). Post-unification dissatisfaction, or why are so many East Germans unhappy with the new political system? German Politics, 7(2), 1-30.

How Does a Writer Engage a Reader? :: Teaching Writing

How Does a Writer Engage a Reader? It's still snowing. The wind is so strong; it is hard to stay upright. I'm lost in a blizzard. Ahead of me, I see a faint glow. Is it a lamp in my house? I tell myself, "Keep moving toward the light." Left, right, left, right, up, down, I keep walking. I'm so cold. I press on, but the light remains just out of range. Left, right, left, right, up, down. The light grows brighter. Now it dims. I suddenly realize that I'm walking in circles. Where do I go with this paper? How do I get beyond the theme? Why is this assignment so difficult for me to grasp? Intellectually I understand the assignment, at least the right side of my brain does. The left side of my brain seems to be disengaged. Every time I feel like I've nearly got "it,""it" vanishes, eluding me once more. I never realized how difficult it was to break the writing habits learned throughout life. "Themewriting" may not be good writing, but I fear it is the only kind of writing I've ever done. I believe that "theme writing" may still have value and that "themewriting" is undesirable because it fails to engage the reader and to communicate anything of substance. How does a writer communicate and engage a reader? Is it by using a lot of details? The author of The Innocent Nihilist used a lot of details. Those details didn't help me understand it any better. I still am confused about what he was trying to communicate to me. Did Lee really dislike his dog? Was he happy when the dog was killed? Or, was Lee just happy that he wasn't the one hit by the car. The author caught my attention initially by his use of dialogue, much as Mike's attention was held by Lee's story. A lot of details were present, but they didn't help me any with this story. Another paper, Martin Luther King, also used details. It told me where Martin Luther King was educated and what some of his religious convictions were, but it failed to reveal the whole man. It didn't develop his character or reveal his passions. The paper had some details, but it fell short of my expectations. It's still snowing. It's been snowing since noon. The wind is howling; it must be at least 30 m.p.h.

Implement Person Centred Approaches in Health and Social Care Essay

1.1 Understand person centered approaches for care and support Person centred values is a theory developed by Carl Rogers that trusted the innate tendency (known as the actualising tendency) of human beings to find fulfilment of their personal potentials. An important part of this theory is that in a particular psychological environment, the fulfilment of personal potentials includes sociability, the need to be with other human beings and a desire to know and be known by other people. It also includes being open to experience, being trusting and trustworthy, being curious about the world and being creative and compassionate. It is important to work in a way that embeds person centred values so that a person feels free from threat, both physically and psychologically. This environment could be achieved when being in a relationship with a person who was deeply understanding (empathic), accepting (having unconditional positive regard) and genuine (congruent). Risk taking can be part of a person centred approach as we would choose to use positive and informed risk taking which would involve building a positive view of the individual, and seeking to learn what a persons gifts and skills are and what people admire about them. In person centred thinking we also explore the consequences of not taking the risk so that these may be balanced against the consequences of taking the risk. Using an individuals care plan contributes to working in a person centred way as this would be constructed by the client with the support of the care worker so that the client has full control over their recovery, instead of the support plan being constructed by the care worker whereby the client feels as if they have no control of their recovery. 1.2 Work in a person centred way In order to find out the history, preferences, wishes and needs of an individual I would refer to any previous files held with regards to that person, as well as discussing directly with the client what the preferenes etc. of that person are. I use person centred values in everyday working as I am an extremely empathic, accepting and congruent person. 1.3 Establishing consent when providing care or support Informed consent is important to establish when providing care or support so that the client is fully aware of their responsibilities, any actions that will be taken and the consequences of either taking or not taking a particular action or decision. In UK case law it has been established that consent must be given by a person with mental ability to do so, sufficient information should be given to the individual and they should not be coerced into giving consent, if these are not met then consent is considered to be invalid. The process of establishing informed consent will vary according to individuals assessed capacity to consent. If informed consent can not be readily established then we must abide by the individuals wishes after explaining fully the consequences of not consenting to a certain action. If a person is mentally incapable of providing their consent then we must refer to any care or support plan or legal documentation that may have been established whilst they were capable of making an informed decision. If none of these are available then consent can be given by their next of kin, but we must involve the individual in the process as much as possible. We do however have a ‘duty of care’ to a person, if the persons health and safety is at an immediate risk then certain actions can be taken in order to prevent any immediate risk to that person. 1.4 Encourage active participation Active participation benefits an individual as it recognises an individuals right to participate in the activities and relationships of everyday life as independently as possible. The individual is regarded as an active participant in their own care and support rather than a passive recipient. Possible barriers to active participation may include, amongst others, the mental or physical disability of an individual. 1.5 Support the individuals right to make choices I would support an individual to make informed choices by giving the individual full information with regards to the positive and negative effects of any decisions they make and respect their wish to make that decision. I would use agreed risk assessment processes so that the client was fully aware of any risks involved with regards to any decision they make and would also discuss this with my manager. A workers personal view should not influence an individuals choices as everyone is an individual in their own right and and therefore should be able to make their own choices as their interests would be different to a workers. I would support an individual to question or challenge any decision made by others by giving the individual full information with regards to that decision in an unbiased manner, if the individual wanted to make any changes with that decision then I would discuss this with my manager and use agreed risk assessment processes to enable the individual to make those changes. 1.6 Promote individuals’ well-being Individual identity and self esteem are linked with well-being as everyone has their own interests and what one person may find interesting another person may not find interesting, for example, if a person is religious and attends church they find that this is part of their identity and promotes their own self esteem as they may feel they are doing their service to God. Another person may not believe in God and find attending church boring, therefore they may feel that they are being pressured into a belief that they disagree with, therefore taking away the psychological identity of an individual. Other aspects relating to well-being may include spiritual, emotional, cultural, social and political. Attitudes and approaches that are likely to promote an individual’s well-being include listening to and treating an individuals decision with respect and enabling them to implement these into the everyday life, after giving the individual all information available in an unbiased manner, for example, if an individual decided that they wanted to attend church then no matter what my own opinions on this matter may be, I would help the individual to attend church and if necessary attend church with them.

Most popular places across the globe

Most popular places across the globe 6 most visited countries in the world You can be a fan of man-made wonders and love nature from the distance, but you will certainly take these sights into account next time you are planning your journey abroad. With powerful economics and growing tourist sector, they are sure to remain major visiting spots anytime you book a ticket. Thailand. Crystal clear water, sandy beaches and palm trees make Thailand a delectable destination for tourists, who are looking for some kind of adventure. Temples of ancient Hindu and Buddhist gods are everywhere, and you can get your fair share of spiritual experience by visiting one of the local museums and archeological sites. What is more, Thai people are usually very generous and welcoming towards visitors, flooding their country annually, and the main sites will expect more than 100 million tourists the next year. United Kingdom. Despite political inconveniences that have been occurring in the capital of the UK lately and have caused major backlash from the country’s leading parties, London still remains one of the most visited cities in the world. Its multinational community, combined with eccentric British taste, won’t leave you cold, and the rainy local weather will remind you of the days when Arthur Conan Doyle wrote his masterpieces. The old school style and thriving night life make the country a hot spot for tourists, who are looking for a good adventure and a touch of history. Germany. Apart from being loved by its own people, Germany attracts millions of tourists every year. Some say the reasons are simple: it is not only an affordable destination, but also one of the safest. Germany has the lowest criminal rate among European countries and can boast employment opportunities for students, who want to combine profit and leisure. Foreigners love the country for its natural resources as well, distinguishing protected areas like the Western Pomerania Lagoon Area National Park and the Jasmund National Park. Italy. Many people confess they dream of visiting Italy on a daily basis. With its renowned Mediterranean cuisine and lazy, laid-back Southern lifestyle, this country steadily becomes one of the most desirable in terms of tourism. For those, who would like to bathe in the sun and listen to the waves, crashing on the shore, Italy will be undoubtedly a holiday destination of a century. Luxurious hotels and historical sites in cities like Florence, Venice and Milan have a culture of their own and welcome visitors from around the world. If you are in love with the Renaissance period and art history, you will be delighted to explore the sights that include Colosseum and Roman Forum. Moreover, a guide will always be near to show you around, and even if you do not speak the language, locals are normally friendly towards foreigners. China. You may have heard about the Great Wall of China, but do you know there is a lot more to this country than meets the eye? Other fantastic destinations include the Shaolin Temple, the Huangguoshu Waterfall and the Forbidden City, a romantic and ghostly spot right in the middle of the country, where east and west meet. We cannot speak for all the tourists across the globe, but the majority of those, who ever visited China, said it was the most groundbreaking experience of their lifetime. Not only does this country preserve old traditions and honors the gods of their ancestors, it also resembles a perfect mixture of ancient and contemporary, a combination, thrilling for any traveler with experience. United States. On a global scale, the USA stands second to none in terms of tourism and tourist attractions. Its main destinations are the Grand Canyon, Hawaiian beaches and lagoons with crystal clear water. Educational tourism is a main source of income in more than thirty states, and Hawaiian summers bring millions of dollars to the national treasury. With this number steadily growing, America can be proudly named one of the most popular countries for travelers and adventure-seekers across the globe.

Spaghetti Bridge Essays

Spaghetti Bridge Essays Spaghetti Bridge Essay Spaghetti Bridge Essay Designing an efficient model bridge structure, using cardboard, string and spaghetti, that can hold as much weight as possible.Background informationBridges are structural assemblies that are intuitively associated with rivers and natural obstacles however, bridge forms are present in many other structures. An ordinary shelf has similarities to a bridge. As a further example, structural form of Thames bridges in London was considered. In all cases structures need to be specially designed to respond to different loading conditions that can occur. The predominant load on a road bridge across the river is lateral from traffic but side, lateral, load can also occur (from wind, or impact from passing boats, etc.). Different structural options can be used but, most frequent, simple systems, are beams and trusses. Both systems have drawbacks. Due to their large area trusses can be subject to large side forces and beams can be heavy.MethodThe mass of cardboard was recorded. The bridge was co nstructed by spaghetti, string and hot melt glue. After construction the mass of the bridge was recorded. The bridge was loaded until it was collapsed. The support for the bridge shall be from the top of the level surfaces. The edges of the level surfaces could not be used in any way for support. The bridge was judged based on the ratio of the maximum load held before collapsing compared to the weight of the bridge. The efficiency of bridge was calculatedEfficiency = Fmax /WWhere Fmax is the maximum load, which was sustained for at least 10 seconds and W is the self-weight of the bridge.

Why did the Oslo Peace Process of the 1990s fail to deliver the Dissertation

Why did the Oslo Peace Process of the 1990s fail to deliver the promise of a just and lasting peace between Israel and the Pales - Dissertation Example Scholars and academics have dissected the facts and circumstances and attempted to discover the reasons for the failure of the Oslo Accords. Two dominant themes were identified in the literature. One theme demonstrates a tendency to blame the internal political contestations between the PLO and Hamas as the culprit. The other them is Israeli-related and points to Israel’s ambitions to enlarge and normalize its occupation of Palestine. This research study analyzes both themes and concludes that is was a combination of both Israeli political ambitions and internal political contestation. The 21st century remains haunted by a number of long and unresolved conflicts, none more turbulent than the Israeli-Arab conflict (Kittrie, 2003). Long-standing uncertainties about Palestine’s state status are juxtaposed against Israel’s determination to secure its borders in an increasingly hostile and contentious region. Yet in1993, the on-going conflict that appeared to be on it s final legs as it appeared Palestine and Israel had agreed to a peace settlement also known as the Oslo accords (Sayigh, 2002). However, by 2000, the conflict intensified and the need for a solution is more important than ever before. Instability in the region threatens peace in the Middle East and the rest of the world. Thus by identifying the reasons for the failure of the Oslo accords during the 1990s can help us to identify what went wrong for the construction of a new and more realistic intervention scheme. Scholars and academics have conducted significant research into the causes of the Oslo accord failure. Findings are varied although two main themes have been identified in the literature. One theme demonstrates a tendency to attribute the Oslo peace failure to internal political contestation with Palestine. The other theme tends to shift blame for the Oslo peace failure to Israel’s behaviour and sense of entitlement. The arguments in the literature that will be exami ned in this research study are therefore divided into two main categories: Palestinian-Related Factors and Israeli-Related Factors. Palestinian-Related Factors Using the theory of internal political contestation, Pearlman (2008/09) argues that the Oslo Peace Conference failed because, internal conflicts over contested leadership in Palestine led to violence and disruptions specifically calculated to spoil the peace negotiation process (p.80). Similar arguments are made by Shikaki (2002) who argue that internal political conflict over perceived failure by the Palestinian Liberation Army (PLO) and its failure to secure an independent Palestine is the catalyst for the failed Oslo accords of the 1990s. Indyk (2003) likewise attributes the failed Oslo peace settlement of the 1990s to internal conflicts and places the blame on insurgencies and terrorism and poor government institutions in Palestinian territories. Kydd and Walter (2002) use a game theory model to demonstrate that extremism and a lack of confidence within Palestine which led to the deliberate â€Å"

Is there a need for Public Health Nutritionists to be accredited as a Essay

Is there a need for Public Health Nutritionists to be accredited as a regulated and professional body in the UK Discuss - Essay Example On the other hand, a growing number of information is now accessible through internet and various media types. There is then a conflict on who to believe when it comes to nutrition. In this case, although voluntary registration appropriately assesses capabilities of public health nutritionists, there is still a need for mandatory regulation and accreditation as a professional body in United Kingdom that will address the complex nutritional demands of its citizens. British culture in relation to food made some gradual alterations. As surmised by Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (2008), â€Å"there is a healthier pattern of intake†¦ but there is still need for immediate actions to ensure further improvements in patterns of food consumption and intake of several nutrients.† In this area, although progress has taken place, guidance to guarantee its continued rise is still required. The role of organizations is to keep up with the current trend. Presently, the Nutrition Society is the leading organization in the â€Å"advancement of scientific study of nutrition and its application to the maintenance of human and animal health† (Buttriss & Daniels, 2003). This ensures proper screening of individuals and legal organizations in nutrition and related fields. The said organization offers a voluntary approach in registration processes, wherein â€Å"assessment mechanisms focuses on attainment of minimum standard of compete ncy in knowledge, skills, and attitudes on the required tasks† (Davies, Margetts & Hughes, n.d.). The minimal techniques employed seemed to contradict the graveness of the situation involving the present overall nutritional status of British people. Specifically, Nutrition Society initially was in charge during the creation of voluntary registration for public health nutrition (PHN). In an article entitled Overview of the Public Health Nutrition Landscape (Anon., n.d.), it defined public health nutrition as