Florence Nightingale Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Florence Nightingale - Essay Example Modern nursing concepts has since then developed from her time. This paper then is an exploration on how Florence Nightingale might view some of the modern nursing concepts of today based on her renowned book. According to Legal Concepts in Nursing Practice (n.d.), malpractice or professional negligence refers to the legal consequences when a professional nurse does an unreasonable act given a situation or when she fails to do the rightful act given a situation. Nightingale constantly raised the importance of vigilance while nursing patients throughout her book. She is certainly against malpractice and negligence in treating patients and sees these acts as pure carelessness. For Nightingale, nurses should do anything possible to maintain a healthy environment for the patient including unpleasant chores. "If a nurse declines to do these kinds of things for her patient, "because it is not her business," I should say that nursing was not her calling" (Nightingale, 1860, pp. 22) This statement also gives emphasis on Nightingale's belief that professionalism must be among the basic attributes of a nurse especially since they are dealing with patient's health and lives. While technical skills and knowledge are substantial in the profession, the way they are utilized are just as important. Another nursing concept is abandonment, where nurses leave their assigned patients without prior notice. Nightingale is adamant that nurses should always be focused on the patient. "A careful nurse will keep a constant watch over her sick, especially weak, protracted and collapsed cases" (Nightingale, 1860, pp.17). Moreover, Nightingale says that if a nurse has to go for health or duty requirements then she must go and tell her patient so. "If you go without his knowing it, and he finds it out, he never will feel secure again that the things which depend upon you will be done when you are away, and in nine cases out of ten he will be right" (Nightingale, 1860, p. 39). With this not only are the nurses doing their duties responsibly but also with deference to their patients. For Nightingale a nurse's deference or respect to the sick is beneficial to its recovery and it manifests in how nurses deal with their patients. "The official politeness in these things are so grateful to invalids, that many prefer, without knowing why, having none but servants about them." (Nightingale, 1860, pp. 49). According to Code of Ethics for Nurses (n.d.), the concept of beneficence is the obligation to do well and not harm other people while nonmaleficence is the principle of preventing intentional harm. This coincides with Nightingale's belief that the patient shouldn't be harmed further given his circumstances and that nurses should be careful and observant when dealing with patients to avoid distress or worse, mishaps. According to Nightingale (1860), when nurses talk to their patients, "nurses should stay within the patient's view" so that patients won't have to feel the pain when turning their heads around. It is advisable that nurses be as motionless as they can when talking to them and position themselves in a way that is not wearisome to the patient. Nightingale (1860) also adds that it is not advisable to "meet or overtake a

Unemployment Essay Example for Free

Unemployment Essay In every society there will always be a number of people who are unemployed. Unemployment is when there are people in our society who desire work but are unable to obtain it because of the fact that there are not enough jobs for everyone. There are many factors that can cause unemployment but one of the biggest factors is lack of private investment. This is caused by private companies not expanding their activities fast or not expanding them fast enough. Another main factor of unemployment is the increase of labour costs. Labour costs are the wages and salaries businesses have to pay their employees. This is a bad thing because if there wages and salaries increase to fast or are already high then businesses won’t be able to afford to pay the employees so they have to fire them. One final cause of unemployment is when there is a depression in the world economy. This is when countries of the world are going bad in there economy and cannot afford to buy as many exports as they would be able to previously. There are no positive aspects of unemployment and is really bad for the production of the economy. This means that we are wasting our resources because instead of producing goods and services with them we aren’t doing anything with them. But this isn’t the only effect of unemployment, people’s income will also change and it will cause more poverty. Unemployment also reduces the amount of tax paid to the government which means that the government will be losing money because since less people are working the government is getting less income tax but with whatever money they get they have to pay all the unemployed people and this is how the government gets into a lot of debt. Long-term unemployment is when people have been unemployed for 12 months or more. This is a very serious matter because when you have been unemployed for so long you have a high risk of poverty. Long term unemployment also places a strain on the government because they have to support without getting much tax revenue. Unemployment, particularly long term unemployment, is the most savage cause of poverty and disadvantage in our community. It is the cause of enormous personal and financial hardship for hundreds of thousands of people and their families. Unemployment is the greatest determiner of poverty and exclusion–and that is why the fight against unemployment is so critically important. However it is said that this battle can only result in victory by concentrating on providing jobs and opportunities rather than penalties or slogans. The importance of employment can only be explained, in that undertaking paid work fulfils many functions in our society. Employment is the main way of receiving money and thus survival, but we also often gain our sense of identity, self-worth and social connections through the paid work we do. Unemployment is the condition of one who is capable of working, actively seeking work but is unable to secure a paid job. However, it is essential to note that to be considered unemployed, a person must be an active member of the labour force and in search of remunerative work. In March 2002, the ABS estimated that 622,300 people were unemployed in Australia at a rate of 6. 3 per cent. This is disturbing, in itself, but the figures would be even higher if the definition of unemployment was not so narrow. While the unemployment rate is useful, it also has some very real limitations. It does not represent what jobs are disappearing or being created, whether they are part-time or full-time, permanent or casual. It also does not reflect upon whether people are working too many hours or not enough hours, or the amount of time they remain without work. Unemployment is not a problem solely for those without paid work; it is a problem for all of us. If people have no money to spend, local businesses do not sell their products and this spiraling effect can impact on entire economies. People face a number of barriers to employment. The primary barrier is that there are not enough jobs for those who wish to undertake paid employment. In February 2002 there were still seven job-seekers for every job vacancy. There are also not enough supports available for people seeking paid work, such as access to affordable child care and rehabilitation or support mechanisms for people with disabilities. Also, paradoxically, people are often considered too young or too old by prospective employers, so age can also be a barrier to employment. Other barriers relate to where people are living. There are differences between rural and urban levels of unemployment, and also stark differences between suburbs in all major Australian cities. The unemployment rate is a figure produced monthly by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS). An unemployed person is defined by the ABS as someone not in paid employment who is actively looking for work. Anyone who is doing paid work for at least one hour a week is not considered to be unemployed. Many people are marginally attached to the labour orce–they want to work but are not actively seeking employment. Sometimes people stop looking for work because they are under the misleading impression that they won’t be successful. These discouraged job seekers may believe they are too old, or too young, or do not possess the skills an employer would want. This is hidden unemployment. The other large group of people not represented in the statistics are those who are working but would prefer to work more hours, the underemployed. In February 2002, over 27 per cent of part-time workers wanted to work more hours . Three sources of data are used to calculate the figures representing the labour force in regard to unemployment. These involve the monthly labour force survey conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, statistics from the Job Network and statistics from Centrelink. Also, the Australian Bureau of Statistics take sit further in that they attempt to categorize the final statistics into sections involving age, region, sex, occupation and education. Currently, as previously mentioned, the Australian Bureau of Statistics states that the unemployment rate in Australia is approximately 6. % and nevertheless, this figure does not encapsulate hidden employment. Unfortunately, anyone can become unemployed readily. Statistically, however, indigenous Australians, recently arrived migrants, people with disabilities, young people and older workers who have been retrenched are most likely to be unemployed. People living in remote and rural communities also have higher rates of unemployment. The graph above shows the percentages of people in different age groups who were unemployed and looking for work in March 2002. Youth unemployment is very high across Australia. There are, however, fewer young people looking for work than in the past, as more undertake education and training before entering into the job market. Within the last two budgets, the Howard Government have attempted several tactics involving policies and the like to lower the unemployment rate in Australia. The centrepiece of the 2002 budget involved the Welfare Reform Package, which entailed many new policies to hopefully effectively reduce unemployment in Australia. This was designed to provide higher levels of service and support to those having difficulty with acquiring employment. This new system features policies where sole parents who wish to retain benefits they receive as an unemployed citizen and support a child between 12 and 15 years of age is required to attend an annual meeting at Centrelink, or a program which involves the undertaking of community service and/. or part time work. Those over the age of 50 are now required to claim identical benefits tot hose under, as opposed to the previous Mature Age Allowance or Partner Allowance. Training credits will be offered, but conversely mutual obligation requirements were introduced. Finally, all unemployed people face new requirements as soon as they have bee without employment for over 3 months, and are requested to attend interviews and job help programs to assist them in their search. Although Australians who are unemployed receive government assistance if they meet certain requirements, unemployment benefits leave many to survive below the poverty line. Governments play a pivotal role investing in research and development and social infrastructure (health, education and community services). Job creation is vital if the unemployment rate is to be reduced. If governments make such investments, this will not only maintain the fabric of society, but will create many meaningful employment opportunities. An important aspect of unemployment is the length of time people are without work. Long-term unemployment is a major problem in Australia. In March 2002, 24. 7 per cent of unemployed people had been without work for a year or more; of this group, 57. 2 per cent had been unemployed for over two years. It is estimated that one in five poor Australians are in paid work but are still almost unable to support themselves, and are known as–the ‘working poor’. Many people in Australia also get trapped in the cycle of insecure low-paid casual jobs, followed by periods spent living on income support. This growing number of people highlights the importance of creating quality jobs. Personally, I believe that whilst many effective strategies are in place to reduce unemployment in Australia, and in fact the rate of unemployment is lower than it has been in many years, more can be done to assist those unfortunate people. It has been said that the first step is to acknowledge that unemployment is a structural problem, not one of lazy individuals. This indicates that governments have a role to play in developing appropriate policy: as unemployment may be exacerbated by government policy it can similarly be alleviated by political intervention. A policy to reduce unemployment very substantially has a much greater chance of success if it is based on increased government expenditure. Some regions have been particularly hard hit, with industries that have previously provided the bulk of employment closing down or moving elsewhere. In some of these areas people from business, governments and the community have started working together to generate employment and strengthen local economies. In order to gain employment people need appropriate skills, so access to training is vital. Labour market programs that offer real and relevant training are needed not schemes which appear to blame unemployed people for their difficulties, with little focus on job placement and support. Whilst many occupations have placed several people out of work due to lack of demand, in opposition many professions require increased numbers of people to fill the demand in Australia. Programs should be established for the encouragement and training of those who require work in these fields, as this would doubly regard both the country and the people of it. In termination, unemployment is an involuntary condition, which not only affects those engulfed by it, but those who surround such people. In Australia, in my opinion we are blessed to live in such a democratic society, yet where the government takes an active interest in the plight of the people and thus encourages independence. The unemployment issues in Australia are countless, yet they are not without solution. In years to come, it is likely that our unemployment rate shall continue to decrease, due to the unfailing efforts of our government and citizens.

Interview With An Ethical Leader Theology Religion Essay

Interview With An Ethical Leader Theology Religion Essay When you hear the word leadership what comes to mind. At first thought, people generally thing of someone famous. For instance, one may think of great leaders of social movements or even great political leaders. However, after taking an ethics class, I have learned that leaders come in all shapes and sizes and leaders/leadership can be perceived differently to different people in different circumstances. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to give some insight on the values and perspectives pertaining to this matter found in my interview with an ethical leader. As I look around my community, I am more aware of the leadership within it. I see individuals who are indeed leaders that may never become famous; however, their leadership is essential to the life of the community. The question is would they be good, ethical leaders with positive intentions? In order for me to make this determination, I had to ask myself what defines a leader, but most importantly, what defines an ethical leader? In my previous management classes I learned that leadership was described as the ability to influence individuals or groups toward the achievement of goals. Nevertheless, leadership, as a process, shapes the goals of a group or organization, motivates behavior toward the achievement of those goals, and helps define group or organizational culture. On the other hand, in reality, it is largely a process of influence. Leadership is an active or changing process in the sense that, while influence is always present, the persons exercising that influence may chan ge (Hartman DesJardins, 2011). Still, I needed to know exactly what an ethical leader was or what may define an ethical leader. According to my readings and research I found that an ethical leader is one who knows their core values and possesses the courage to live them in all parts of their life in service of the common good(Grace, 2010). Such an individual is a leader that is identified by the quality of their actions and decisions. After gaining a better understanding of what an ethical leader stands for, I decided to look in a particular direction and profession for the best person to speak with about the topic. That direction was toward men and women of the cloth. I believed that I could not go wrong with the person I had in mind taking into account that he was a pastor as pastors play many diverse roles as leaders of church congregations. For example, they are spiritual directors as well as counselors and community leaders. Furthermore, they live their lives in the public eye. The ethical considerations of p astors must be manifold and play a role in their involvement in every domain of influence, whether corporate or individual (Mavrich). With that being said, I was able to choose an ideal ethical leader from my life and community for this assignment. He is my brother, Pastor Juan C. Walker of Encouraging Word Ministries located in Jacksonville, Florida. When I called him in regards to setting up an interview, he was more than willing; and I was just as curious to hear what he had to say. Leadership background The first thing I learned upon speaking with Pastor Juan pertained to his background. Pastor Juan firmly believes that every leader must first learn to be a good follower. His leadership background began during his childhood as he was brought up in the church and had two very strong parents that did the best they could to teach him morals and values. His father demonstrated leadership by being there no matter what as a provider, and most importantly as a man. In addition to his biological father, Pastor Juan has a spiritual father (whom he served under for 10 years) along with other mentors that have demonstrated leadership and helped mold him into the man and leader he is today. Direct/Indirect Leadership I did not even realize that his leadership extended to so many people. In addition to his family, Pastor Juan directly leads roughly 60 people in his church. But the numbers are numerous when it comes to indirect leadership. Pastor Juan felt that it was kind of hard to give an actual answer as to how many people he led because as a pastor, he said, you lead whoever is following and there are a many that follow. He went further to explain that as his reason for, figuratively speaking, leading by example on a daily basis because someone is always watching whether it be at church, at home or at work; which led me to our next topic of discussion. Ethics and the workplace Next we spoke about his mindset when interacting with others in the workplace. Pastor Juan made it perfectly clear that he has to have ethics present in his mind while interacting with others in the workplace because people have different backgrounds and may view life in many ways. After such a short and sweet answer, I moved on to the topic of subordinates, peers, and superiors. He says that ethics is something that one should not turn on and off and so he practices it in all aspects of his life; even at the job amongst superiors, co-workers, and customers alike. When I asked the question Do you practice business ethics when training subordinates? Pastor Juan paused before he spoke. Finally, he responded. His response was simply that he tries to have ethics present no matter what he does. When training subordinates, Pastor Juan says he does so in the same manner as he does with anything and that is by example. However, he explained to me that he does acknowledge the fact that no mat ter an individuals background, the job must be done decent and in order. He believes that a person can only be trained how to do a jobà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦not how to think or act. On the other hand, he does feel that when someone sees that an individual has a standard, they would strive to accomplish it also. I followed up with the question of do you promote ethical behavior to subordinates, peers, and superiors? He believes that subordinates to be trained in leadership. This means equipping them to lead and reminding them that they must first learn to follow as a leader cannot truly lead unless he first learns to follow. Pastor Juan told me that he always tries to promote ethical behavior regardless of who the person is because it allows that person the opportunity to be aware of whom they are dealing with. This response had me a little curious. So I went on to ask Do you select teams based on their personal ethical code? I learned from Pastor Juan that he did not use his personal ethica l code during the selection of committees, boards, or groups because it was not very significant when selecting any type of group or team in the workplace. He felt that the selection of the members should be made based on an individuals knowledge and qualifications pertaining to the criteria of the project. In regards customer relations, Pastor Juan added that ethical behavior greatly affects customer relations in that he believes people will remember how you made them feel before they remember what you said. This is why he promotes love by showing it and being hospitable. He said he does so by demonstrating in his actions because they speak louder than words. Ethical Issues/Decision-Making After learning how important ethics are to Pastor Juan, I inquired about the amount of time he spends dealing with ethical issues. Pastor Juan replied that he spends a lot of time dealing with ethical issues as a minister. He went on to explain to me how as a minister he has many roles that all involve ethical issues in one way or another. He informed me that he and his wife are sometimes responsible for the spiritual and emotional care of members of their congregation through counseling. Therefore, they have developed specific ethical guidelines in regards to counseling. In essence, Pastor Juan says that dealing with ethical issues is his job. There is no taking a break from ethics in my position, he explained. For me, it is a lifestyle. Pastor Juan also spoke on his social responsibility. He expressed that his guidance projects a sufficient amount of attention when it comes to social responsibility. He mentioned that although it could sometimes be a very trying and challenging task, he tries to be available to serve the people which means being accessible and available when needed. Other ways he discussed involved other churches and politics. In regards to other churches, there are several ethical issues, however Pastor Juan only focused on one. He made clear to me that pastors must determine where to draw the line amongst being ethical and serving a community that is not so committed to old-fashioned denominational structures as opposed to taking and recruiting members from another church. Pastor Juan went on to explain that despite the separation of church and state, pastors find they must struggle with the ethical beliefs and concerns that surround political issues, such as abortion and homosexuality. He understands that such situations should be handled with care as they deal with both religion and politics. Pastor Juan says he never puts himself in the position to judge, as he knows it is not his place and leaves certain things between the individual and God. All he can do is let the Bible speak by preaching and teaching accordingly. Following that topic, I focused on how ethics impacted his decision-making on a daily basis and throughout the year. He gave me a look and smiled as if to say that the question asked was an easy one. He told me that ethics play a major role in his decision-making as with everything thing else he does. This includes decision-making in both his personal and professional life. He included that in his position, he is held to very high standards and that he also had to lead the life he encourages everyone else to lead which goes back to living in the public eye because we never know whos watching. Moreover, expanding a little bit more on the previous questions asked, I went on to ask, Is having a sound ethical code of ethics important in competitive environments? Pastor Juan feels that having a sound ethical code of ethics is very important in our environment. He went further to say that he feels this way because he believes that even when being competitive there should be present a line of respect that others should follow. I would say its like having good sportsmanship and integrity. Conclusion As I approached the end of my interview, I wanted to know if there were any ethical ideas that Pastor Juan had to offer as a guide to prospective or current leaders in developing solid and sound decisions with the goal of overall success within the organization. Pastor Juan felt that the best advice he could give was that we all come from different backgrounds and we must respect how others view life. He explained that if we take the time out to get to know one another, we would find out that we are far more similar than we may be different. So with that being said my final question for Pastor Juan was If you were to summarize in one sentence on what ethics is, what would it be? Pastor Juan was quoted saying, I would say that ethics is a moral standard and individual lives by. He added that as he previously stated, it should not be turned on or off. Everyone should have a standard and stick to that standard no matter what the cost. For the Pastor Juan, I believe it is safe to say that ethics is ultimately abiding by to the biblical creed, do unto others as you would have them do unto you. Taking everything into account, I could not have picked a better example of ethical leadership than Pastor Juan. He is the epitome of righteous, just, and fair. He possesses all of these qualities and the many other characteristics of an ethical leader. This has become more evident after doing this interview and hearing his responses to the questions asked. He gave me a lasting impression of the type of person that he is and his role in the community. I cannot speak for anyone else but I can speak for myself; and I personally feel that anyone who comes in contact with this man of the cloth would be touched in some manner that would make them want to exhibit ethical characteristics as well. In any event, doing what is morally right and fair for the greater good of society is what ethics is all about and modeling such behavior on a daily basis is certainly true leadership.

Nature and Procreation in Blue Highways Essay -- Blue Highways

Nature and Procreation in Blue Highways In the book of a rustic American journey, Blue Highways, William Least Heat Moon continually characterizes the land he travels with simple, natural references. Least Heat Moon repeatedly gives the nature he discovers on his journey very fertile, prolific qualities. The essays often contains vivid physical descriptions of the environment, particularly its natural beauty. Least Heat Moon ponders human existence and its interference with the environment. The themes of natural beauty and fertility repeatedly surface throughout Least Heat Moon's account of his journey around America. In several descriptions of nature throughout the book, William Least Heat Moon portrays the wilderness he finds with extremely basic, reproductive traits. The themes of procreation and fertility in the natural environment surround him. For example, in his description of a swamp environment, Least Heat Moon writes, In the muck pollywogs were starting to squirm. It was spring here, and juices were getting up in the stalks...water bubbled with the froth of ...

Porters 5 forces for Flipkart

Threat of New Entrants : Industry seems to have very high potential but is at its nascent stage. Lots of scope of growth in the futureMany small players might enter to explore the marketHigh capital investment is required as it is still in the nascent stage. Would not be much of a deterrent as venture capitalists are interested in investing, as they see a future in it.Flipkart is already an established its brand name and network across the nation. Hence, it may not be affected by the entry of small players in its market domainFlipkart is slowly moving up. Although, other players are learning from Flipkart’s mistakes and trying to do better. Since the industry is emerging profits cannot be achieved. Determinants of Supplier Power :For Suppliers (product manufacturers), e-commerce is another platform to sell their products, without any differentiation Hence, e-commerce companies have little amount of bargaining power, including Filpkart.There is an exception in case of popular p roducts, as company has lot of alternatives. Their switching cost is low, if there is no contact.Not all suppliers may have the ability of willingness to forward integrate, as it is highly risky market.Price discrimination is very much possible.As Flipkart is an inventory- based business model, they buy in bulk from their suppliers.Treating suppliers as partners would be very beneficial for Flipkart and it’s suppliers.Rivalry amongst existing firms : Flipkart is having a hard time as it is competing with it’s competitors in e-commerce as well as retail stores.Flipkart has less competitors of the same size, but many in smaller size.Flipkart has lot of competitors now , but not as huge as them, small in size but large in number.Incentive to fight is low, as the market is big enough for everyone to grow but there is no profit margin.Exit costs are very high, as Flipkart has an Inventory – based business model.

Is Media Biased

Is Media Biased Al – Jazeera TV is Biased in its Reporting The emergence of technology that facilitates a comprehensive coverage of news in real-time has enabled many media outlets to reach millions of viewers globally. The modernization of the media industry has also escalated live streaming of news online.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Is Media Biased specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is notable that the sovereignty, autonomy, and information over personal analysis determine the level of news coverage objectivity. However, some media outlets have failed the objectivity test because of their partiality when it comes to reporting certain events. This paper discusses the notion that some media outlets are biased and focuses the debate on the Al –Jazeera Television. Al – Jazeera is the largest media outlet in the Middle East reporting events mostly to the Arab world. Presently, Al – Jazeera has also exp anded to the Western world. Notably, individuals in the private sector own and run the media outlet. The media outlet is insensitively anti – Israel and America. Al – Jazeera tend to report events involving Arabs and Islam positively and objectively. However, it has remained deeply against the Western ideals in its reporting of conflicts. The way it covers news in which the Western nations are involved normally shows a bias. This has been noted in its one-sidedness, unequal presentation, and unreasoned opinion on its commentaries. It is notable that countries such as Algeria, Morocco, and Bahrain among others have alleged that Al – Jazeera is biased in its reporting of events. The media outlet’s leniency towards Iraq has been evident in its reporting. The media outlet reported anti – occupation aggression news in Iraq, which received global condemnation. In fact, the media outlet appears to be facilitating a psychological conflict with its fundamen talist opinions. Al – Jazeera normally report news about the search for democracy in some Arab countries experiencing revolution. The media outlet has equated revolutions in Egypt and Libya with the ejection of totalitarianism in the search for political order. However, Al – Jazeera fails to report the lack of democracy in Qatar. For example, Qatar does not conduct elections and the citizenry have no basic political rights. This is an indication of bias because it delivers sensational reports about problems in other countries without projecting to the world the challenges facing Qatar.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The unbalanced reporting of the war in Syria has also generated massive problems for the media house. This was occasioned by the resignation of some reporters over the media outlet’s lack of objectivity. The media outlet reported the revolutionary activities that occurred in Egypt and Libya. However, it has reported nothing about the serious anti – government uprising activities occurring in Bahrain. The media outlet is allegedly forcing its reporters to twist their stories to conform to the ideals of Emir Sheik and his Qatar administration. Furthermore, Al Jazeera has occasionally turned down stories, which are thought to be against the Qatari government brought by its journalists, Al – Jazeera has created the notion that it is serving Emir Sheik’s personal agenda by failing to report on the role played by the Qatar leader in the Syrian war. In fact, many former employees contend that Al – Jazeera has degenerated into a propaganda platform. The former reporters have indicated that Al – Jazeera has deviated from its mission goals. The media out let was originally the voice for transformation agenda and objective criticism of political activities in the region. The former workers argue that Al –Jazeera presently represents the views of the Qatari leadership particularly reporting in a lopsided manner when it comes to issues that require objectivity.